Cyber threats manifest in various forms, each employing distinct methods to achieve malicious goals. Key types include:

1. Malware (Malicious Software): Programs designed to damage or disrupt systems, such as viruses, worms, Trojans, and ransomware.
2. Phishing: Deceptive attempts to obtain sensitive information by masquerading as trustworthy entities via email, SMS, or websites.
3. Ransomware: A type of malware that encrypts data, demanding payment for decryption keys.
4. Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks: Overwhelming a system or network with excessive traffic to disrupt operations.
5. Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks: Intercepting and altering communications between two parties to steal information.
6. Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs): Long-term, targeted attacks by skilled adversaries, often aimed at high-value targets.
7. Social Engineering: Manipulating individuals to divulge confidential information or perform specific actions.
8. Insider Threats: Security risks originating from within an organization, either through negligence or malicious intent.

Each type of threat poses unique challenges and requires tailored defensive measures to mitigate effectively.