1. What is a Business Logic Vulnerability in web applications?
A) A vulnerability caused by weak cryptographic algorithms
B) A flaw in the application workflow that allows unintended actions
C) A vulnerability related to session expiration
D) A misconfiguration of server security headers
✅ Answer: B) A flaw in the application workflow that allows unintended actions
💡 Explanation: Business Logic Vulnerabilities occur when an attacker manipulates the intended workflow of an application, often leading to privilege escalation, data manipulation, or financial fraud.
2. Which of the following is an example of a business logic vulnerability?
A) SQL Injection
B) Privilege Escalation via Forced Browsing
C) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
D) Command Injection
✅ Answer: B) Privilege Escalation via Forced Browsing
💡 Explanation: Forced browsing (accessing unauthorized pages by guessing URLs) is a business logic flaw that allows privilege escalation, especially if access controls are improperly implemented.
3. How do attackers typically exploit business logic flaws?
A) By injecting malicious JavaScript into forms
B) By modifying API requests or workflow sequences
C) By sending malware-infected files
D) By compromising the server through shell access
✅ Answer: B) By modifying API requests or workflow sequences
💡 Explanation: Attackers manipulate the business logic by tampering with request parameters, changing workflow sequences, or bypassing validation rules.
4. What is an example of a business logic vulnerability in an e-commerce application?
A) SQL Injection in a login form
B) Discount abuse by manipulating coupon codes
C) Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
D) Unencrypted session tokens
✅ Answer: B) Discount abuse by manipulating coupon codes
💡 Explanation: Attackers may apply coupon codes multiple times or change their values to get unintended discounts, breaking the expected business logic.
5. Which of the following best describes an “Inventory Manipulation” attack?
A) An attacker injects SQL queries into an inventory management system
B) A user manipulates stock availability to create artificial scarcity
C) A hacker performs privilege escalation on an admin account
D) An attacker exploits a buffer overflow in an inventory system
✅ Answer: B) A user manipulates stock availability to create artificial scarcity
💡 Explanation: Attackers may add items to their cart without checking out, causing stock depletion and disrupting business operations.
6. Which HTTP method is often targeted in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) OPTIONS
B) HEAD
C) POST
D) TRACE
✅ Answer: C) POST
💡 Explanation: Attackers frequently tamper with POST requests to manipulate form inputs, transaction processes, and application workflows.
7. What is a common impact of business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Remote code execution on the server
B) Data exfiltration via SQL Injection
C) Unauthorized financial transactions
D) Buffer overflow leading to system crash
✅ Answer: C) Unauthorized financial transactions
💡 Explanation: Many business logic flaws lead to financial fraud, such as exploiting payment flows to receive unintended discounts or unauthorized refunds.
8. How can an attacker exploit a “Race Condition” in business logic?
A) By executing two conflicting database queries at the same time
B) By sending excessive login requests to lock out an account
C) By injecting JavaScript into web forms
D) By modifying HTTP headers during authentication
✅ Answer: A) By executing two conflicting database queries at the same time
💡 Explanation: Race conditions occur when attackers send multiple simultaneous requests to manipulate an application’s logic, often leading to double payments, inconsistent inventory updates, or unauthorized actions.
9. Which technique helps prevent business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Using parameterized queries
B) Implementing CAPTCHA to prevent automation
C) Disabling all JavaScript on the client side
D) Allowing user-generated content
✅ Answer: B) Implementing CAPTCHA to prevent automation
💡 Explanation: CAPTCHA can mitigate automated abuse, such as brute-force discount application, bulk sign-ups, and order manipulation.
10. What kind of test is most effective for identifying business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Static code analysis
B) Fuzz testing
C) Manual security testing
D) Automated SQL Injection scanners
✅ Answer: C) Manual security testing
💡 Explanation: Business logic vulnerabilities are context-dependent and often cannot be detected by automated scanners, requiring manual security testing and logic abuse testing.
11. What is an “Abuse of Trust” vulnerability?
A) Users exploiting pre-established trust in multi-step workflows
B) A lack of authentication in sensitive areas
C) An improperly sanitized input leading to XSS
D) A brute-force attack against user passwords
✅ Answer: A) Users exploiting pre-established trust in multi-step workflows
💡 Explanation: Attackers bypass trust assumptions, such as modifying a loan approval process or skipping authorization steps.
12. How can API endpoints introduce business logic vulnerabilities?
A) By exposing debug information
B) By allowing unrestricted mass data extraction
C) By not using TLS encryption
D) By enforcing strict validation
✅ Answer: B) By allowing unrestricted mass data extraction
💡 Explanation: Poorly designed APIs may allow attackers to enumerate user data, extract sensitive details, or manipulate workflows.
13. How can “negative testing” help identify business logic flaws?
A) By testing the application under normal conditions
B) By checking if input fields are case-sensitive
C) By trying unexpected inputs and edge cases
D) By performing brute-force attacks
✅ Answer: C) By trying unexpected inputs and edge cases
💡 Explanation: Negative testing involves intentionally breaking business logic with invalid or unexpected inputs to see if the system behaves incorrectly.
14. What is a “Refund Abuse” vulnerability?
A) Exploiting weak password reset mechanisms
B) Abusing self-service refund policies to generate illegitimate refunds
C) Exploiting server misconfigurations to crash applications
D) Exploiting JWT token expiration
✅ Answer: B) Abusing self-service refund policies to generate illegitimate refunds
💡 Explanation: Attackers may initiate refunds without returning items, repeatedly claim refunds, or manipulate refund parameters.
15. Which security control is most effective in preventing business logic flaws?
A) Encrypting database records
B) Implementing robust logging and monitoring
C) Enforcing strict CORS policies
D) Using only GET requests
✅ Answer: B) Implementing robust logging and monitoring
💡 Explanation: Monitoring transaction anomalies and detecting abuse patterns help in preventing business logic exploitation.
16. How can an attacker exploit an “Incomplete Transaction Validation” vulnerability?
A) By modifying JavaScript on the client-side
B) By submitting a partial request and still completing an action
C) By brute-forcing login credentials
D) By sending SQL queries through input fields
✅ Answer: B) By submitting a partial request and still completing an action
💡 Explanation: Some applications allow users to proceed without completing required steps (e.g., skipping a payment step and still receiving a service).
17. Which of the following is an example of an “Order Manipulation” attack?
A) Changing product IDs in a request to get unauthorized discounts
B) Injecting JavaScript into input fields
C) Exploiting a buffer overflow vulnerability
D) Performing a brute-force attack on an admin login
✅ Answer: A) Changing product IDs in a request to get unauthorized discounts
💡 Explanation: Attackers may modify order details, like price or quantity, to receive unintended benefits.
18. What is a “Workflow Bypass” attack?
A) Skipping intended steps in a multi-step process to gain unauthorized benefits
B) Exploiting weak passwords to access admin accounts
C) Using SQL Injection to extract database records
D) Bypassing CAPTCHA by using automation tools
✅ Answer: A) Skipping intended steps in a multi-step process to gain unauthorized benefits
💡 Explanation: A user may bypass key workflow steps, such as skipping payment verification before gaining access to a service.
19. Why is rate limiting important in preventing business logic attacks?
A) It ensures the website loads faster
B) It prevents excessive API requests that can manipulate workflows
C) It encrypts database transactions
D) It forces users to change their passwords regularly
✅ Answer: B) It prevents excessive API requests that can manipulate workflows
💡 Explanation: Attackers may automate requests to abuse discount codes, refund mechanisms, or inventory management.
20. How can “Referer Header Tampering” lead to business logic abuse?
A) By allowing attackers to bypass access controls that rely on the referer header
B) By injecting malicious SQL queries
C) By executing arbitrary JavaScript on the client-side
D) By performing DoS attacks
✅ Answer: A) By allowing attackers to bypass access controls that rely on the referer header
💡 Explanation: Some applications trust the Referer header for security, and tampering with it can allow unauthorized actions.
21. What is a “Self-Promotion Exploit” in business logic attacks?
A) Gaining unauthorized admin privileges by modifying user roles
B) Manipulating referral systems to gain unfair rewards
C) Using malware to steal data from a server
D) Brute-forcing account passwords
✅ Answer: B) Manipulating referral systems to gain unfair rewards
💡 Explanation: Attackers may create fake referrals or use the same referral code repeatedly to exploit business incentives.
22. How does “Cart Manipulation” exploit business logic?
A) By modifying the price in the client-side cart before checkout
B) By injecting SQL queries into the cart input field
C) By sending malformed requests to the server
D) By performing XSS in the checkout page
✅ Answer: A) By modifying the price in the client-side cart before checkout
💡 Explanation: Some applications don’t validate product pricing on the server, allowing attackers to alter it client-side.
23. What is “Delayed Payment Abuse”?
A) Initiating a payment process but completing it after receiving the product/service
B) Using stolen credit card details for transactions
C) Exfiltrating payment details through a phishing attack
D) Exploiting weak authentication mechanisms
✅ Answer: A) Initiating a payment process but completing it after receiving the product/service
💡 Explanation: Some platforms ship products before verifying payments, leading to fraud.
24. How can an attacker exploit “Mass Account Registration”?
A) By registering thousands of fake accounts to abuse free trials or bonuses
B) By executing a DoS attack on the login page
C) By exploiting an SQL Injection vulnerability
D) By modifying the admin panel configurations
✅ Answer: A) By registering thousands of fake accounts to abuse free trials or bonuses
💡 Explanation: Attackers use automation to create multiple accounts and exploit limited-time offers.
25. What does “Session Fixation” exploit in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Allows an attacker to force a user to use a predetermined session ID
B) Lets an attacker bypass firewalls and IDS
C) Allows execution of remote shell commands
D) Exploits race conditions in multi-threaded processes
✅ Answer: A) Allows an attacker to force a user to use a predetermined session ID
💡 Explanation: This allows attackers to hijack user sessions by providing them with compromised session IDs.
26. Why is “Discount Code Tampering” a common business logic attack?
A) Attackers can modify discount values in requests to get unlimited discounts
B) It allows brute-force access to user accounts
C) It exploits weak SSL encryption
D) It bypasses firewall security
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can modify discount values in requests to get unlimited discounts
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to validate discount codes on the server, leading to abuse.
27. What is “Privilege Escalation via Business Logic”?
A) Gaining higher access rights by manipulating application workflows
B) Performing SQL Injection to access administrator data
C) Exploiting server misconfigurations
D) Gaining access to the database without authentication
✅ Answer: A) Gaining higher access rights by manipulating application workflows
💡 Explanation: Attackers exploit misconfigured role-based access controls to escalate privileges.
28. How does “Auction Sniping” exploit business logic?
A) By placing a last-second bid to win an auction unfairly
B) By modifying auction rules on the backend
C) By using malware to extract auction data
D) By performing a DoS attack on the auction system
✅ Answer: A) By placing a last-second bid to win an auction unfairly
💡 Explanation: Attackers automate bids to win auctions at the lowest possible price.
29. What is “Fake Review Abuse”?
A) Generating fake product reviews to mislead customers
B) Exploiting a cross-site scripting vulnerability
C) Using SQL Injection to extract database records
D) Bypassing authentication using weak passwords
✅ Answer: A) Generating fake product reviews to mislead customers
💡 Explanation: Attackers automate fake reviews to manipulate online reputation.
30. How can attackers exploit “Account Takeover” through business logic flaws?
A) By resetting passwords via predictable security questions
B) By brute-forcing admin credentials
C) By injecting malicious JavaScript into forms
D) By performing SQL Injection on the authentication module
✅ Answer: A) By resetting passwords via predictable security questions
💡 Explanation: Weak security questions allow attackers to hijack user accounts.
31. How does “Negative Quantity Exploitation” affect e-commerce applications?
A) Allows attackers to generate refunds without making purchases
B) Increases product quantity beyond stock availability
C) Injects malicious SQL queries into an order
D) Alters tax calculations on invoices
✅ Answer: A) Allows attackers to generate refunds without making purchases
💡 Explanation: Some poorly coded systems allow users to enter negative values for product quantity, leading to unintended refunds or financial manipulation.
32. What is an example of “Time-Based Exploitation” in business logic attacks?
A) Exploiting coupon codes that expire at midnight by manually changing system time
B) Sending excessive authentication requests to brute-force login credentials
C) Using JavaScript injection to manipulate timestamps
D) Exploiting buffer overflow vulnerabilities in a web application
✅ Answer: A) Exploiting coupon codes that expire at midnight by manually changing system time
💡 Explanation: Some systems rely on client-side timestamps, which can be manipulated to extend promotions, bypass expiration, or exploit time-sensitive operations.
33. How does an attacker exploit “Payment Splitting” vulnerabilities?
A) By splitting a transaction into multiple smaller transactions to avoid fraud detection
B) By sending SQL queries to manipulate payment logs
C) By modifying payment gateway parameters for unauthorized purchases
D) By hijacking authentication sessions using phishing
✅ Answer: A) By splitting a transaction into multiple smaller transactions to avoid fraud detection
💡 Explanation: Some financial fraud detection systems don’t flag small transactions, allowing attackers to exploit splitting to bypass fraud monitoring.
34. What is the risk of relying solely on JavaScript for enforcing business rules?
A) JavaScript can be disabled or manipulated by the attacker
B) JavaScript automatically encrypts user input
C) JavaScript prevents unauthorized access to sensitive files
D) JavaScript is always executed on the server side
✅ Answer: A) JavaScript can be disabled or manipulated by the attacker
💡 Explanation: Business logic must be enforced on the server side since client-side JavaScript can be easily bypassed or modified.
35. How does “Order Modification via API Tampering” occur?
A) Attackers modify API requests to change product pricing, quantity, or shipping details
B) Attackers execute JavaScript injections into web forms
C) Attackers modify DNS records to hijack user sessions
D) Attackers exploit unpatched software vulnerabilities
✅ Answer: A) Attackers modify API requests to change product pricing, quantity, or shipping details
💡 Explanation: API endpoints should validate all inputs server-side to prevent order manipulation exploits.
36. What is “Delayed Payment Replay Attack”?
A) Resubmitting a previously valid payment request to gain unauthorized benefits
B) Bypassing CAPTCHA validation in payment forms
C) Injecting malicious scripts into the checkout page
D) Overloading payment gateways with excessive transactions
✅ Answer: A) Resubmitting a previously valid payment request to gain unauthorized benefits
💡 Explanation: Attackers capture valid transactions and replay them to extract money, gain duplicate services, or exploit financial systems.
37. How can an attacker exploit “Discount Threshold Manipulation”?
A) By modifying the cart total to always qualify for a discount
B) By injecting SQL queries into the discount application form
C) By brute-forcing admin passwords to generate discounts
D) By performing DoS attacks on the checkout system
✅ Answer: A) By modifying the cart total to always qualify for a discount
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce applications allow users to manipulate cart values to always receive bulk order discounts.
38. Why are CAPTCHAs ineffective against all business logic abuses?
A) CAPTCHAs only prevent automated attacks but do not stop logical abuse by humans
B) CAPTCHAs prevent SQL Injection but not business logic exploits
C) CAPTCHAs are used only for spam protection
D) CAPTCHAs encrypt user input to prevent fraud
✅ Answer: A) CAPTCHAs only prevent automated attacks but do not stop logical abuse by humans
💡 Explanation: CAPTCHAs help reduce automation-based abuse but do not stop manual business logic manipulations.
39. What is a common technique used in “Loyalty Points Fraud”?
A) Manipulating loyalty point calculations to generate excessive rewards
B) Using buffer overflow to extract additional rewards
C) Injecting malware into the loyalty program database
D) Exploiting session fixation to hijack user loyalty points
✅ Answer: A) Manipulating loyalty point calculations to generate excessive rewards
💡 Explanation: Attackers may alter points accumulation logic to receive unauthorized rewards.
40. What is an example of “Gift Card Abuse” in business logic exploitation?
A) Buying gift cards using stolen credit cards and quickly redeeming them
B) Encrypting gift card values for added security
C) Using gift cards to exploit SQL injection vulnerabilities
D) Overwriting gift card values by modifying local browser storage
✅ Answer: A) Buying gift cards using stolen credit cards and quickly redeeming them
💡 Explanation: Fraudsters purchase and redeem gift cards before the stolen card is flagged as fraudulent.
41. What is “Session-Based Privilege Escalation” in business logic attacks?
A) Gaining unauthorized privileges by hijacking active user sessions
B) Exploiting SQL Injection to gain admin access
C) Bypassing CAPTCHA security mechanisms
D) Performing brute-force attacks on login forms
✅ Answer: A) Gaining unauthorized privileges by hijacking active user sessions
💡 Explanation: Attackers reuse session tokens from lower-privileged users to access administrative functions.
42. How does “Account Aging Exploitation” work?
A) Exploiting long-inactive accounts with weak security controls
B) Using old SQL injection exploits
C) Brute-forcing user credentials from historical data leaks
D) Decrypting session cookies using outdated cryptographic algorithms
✅ Answer: A) Exploiting long-inactive accounts with weak security controls
💡 Explanation: Many organizations fail to enforce password resets or security checks for old or inactive accounts, making them easy targets.
43. How does “Pre-Payment Abuse” work in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers exploit systems that grant services before verifying payments
B) Attackers perform DoS attacks on the payment gateway
C) Attackers modify payment forms using JavaScript
D) Attackers steal user credentials to access premium features
✅ Answer: A) Attackers exploit systems that grant services before verifying payments
💡 Explanation: Some systems allow service access before actual payment is completed, leading to abuse.
44. Why should business rules be enforced server-side rather than client-side?
A) Client-side logic can be modified or bypassed by attackers
B) Server-side validation is only necessary for login security
C) Client-side logic executes faster than server-side logic
D) JavaScript is a secure language and does not need additional validation
✅ Answer: A) Client-side logic can be modified or bypassed by attackers
💡 Explanation: Attackers can easily alter client-side JavaScript, bypassing business logic controls.
45. How does “Post-Purchase Order Modification” exploit business logic?
A) Changing the order details after the purchase is completed
B) Injecting SQL queries into order processing systems
C) Using JavaScript to alter the UI during checkout
D) Manipulating order numbers in URL parameters
✅ Answer: A) Changing the order details after the purchase is completed
💡 Explanation: Some poorly secured systems allow users to change order quantities, prices, or shipping details after purchase.
46. What is an “Automated Account Takeover” exploit in business logic?
A) Using scripts to reset passwords on multiple accounts
B) Injecting malware into the login page
C) Overloading the authentication system with bot traffic
D) Disabling multi-factor authentication (MFA) on user accounts
✅ Answer: A) Using scripts to reset passwords on multiple accounts
💡 Explanation: Attackers automate password resets by exploiting weak recovery processes, gaining access to multiple accounts.
47. How does an attacker exploit “Multi-Use of Single-Use Coupons”?
A) By modifying request parameters to reuse expired or one-time coupons
B) By executing SQL queries to generate unlimited coupon codes
C) By injecting JavaScript into the checkout page
D) By stealing admin credentials to generate coupon codes
✅ Answer: A) By modifying request parameters to reuse expired or one-time coupons
💡 Explanation: Some systems fail to enforce single-use restrictions, allowing attackers to reuse discount codes multiple times.
48. What is “Delayed Session Expiry Abuse”?
A) Exploiting extended session time to maintain unauthorized access
B) Injecting malicious JavaScript into session cookies
C) Encrypting session IDs to bypass authentication
D) Using CAPTCHA bypass tools to automate sessions
✅ Answer: A) Exploiting extended session time to maintain unauthorized access
💡 Explanation: Some applications do not expire sessions properly, allowing attackers to keep sessions active indefinitely.
49. How can an attacker abuse “Insufficient Rate Limiting” in a business logic attack?
A) By brute-forcing coupon codes to find valid ones
B) By injecting SQL queries into rate limit mechanisms
C) By exploiting memory overflow vulnerabilities
D) By encrypting request headers to bypass validation
✅ Answer: A) By brute-forcing coupon codes to find valid ones
💡 Explanation: Without proper rate limiting, attackers can test thousands of coupon codes to find valid discounts.
50. How does “Inventory Denial” attack affect e-commerce businesses?
A) Attackers add high-demand items to their cart and never check out
B) Attackers inject malware into inventory tracking systems
C) Attackers modify stock levels via SQL Injection
D) Attackers alter discount codes to remove inventory restrictions
✅ Answer: A) Attackers add high-demand items to their cart and never check out
💡 Explanation: Attackers hoard products in their cart, preventing legitimate customers from purchasing them.
51. What is “Double-Spending” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Using the same payment method to complete multiple transactions
B) Exploiting SQL Injection to modify purchase records
C) Using JavaScript to alter payment details
D) Encrypting transaction data to bypass fraud detection
✅ Answer: A) Using the same payment method to complete multiple transactions
💡 Explanation: Some systems fail to properly validate transactions, allowing attackers to process multiple payments with the same funds.
52. How does “Automated Form Submission Abuse” impact businesses?
A) It allows attackers to mass-register accounts, exploit promotions, or overload support systems
B) It injects JavaScript into form fields to manipulate data
C) It executes brute-force attacks on login pages
D) It disables authentication mechanisms in web applications
✅ Answer: A) It allows attackers to mass-register accounts, exploit promotions, or overload support systems
💡 Explanation: Automated bots can spam forms, exploit sign-up bonuses, and disrupt business processes.
53. What is a “Gaming System Exploit” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Modifying game scores or achievements through API manipulation
B) Using SQL Injection to alter game mechanics
C) Injecting JavaScript into the game database
D) Performing brute-force attacks on player accounts
✅ Answer: A) Modifying game scores or achievements through API manipulation
💡 Explanation: Some online games rely on client-side validation, allowing players to manipulate API calls to gain advantages.
54. How does “Subscription Bypass” exploit SaaS applications?
A) Modifying API requests to gain access to premium features without payment
B) Brute-forcing admin passwords to enable subscriptions
C) Exploiting JavaScript vulnerabilities to alter subscription settings
D) Injecting malware into the subscription management system
✅ Answer: A) Modifying API requests to gain access to premium features without payment
💡 Explanation: Some SaaS platforms fail to enforce payment validation properly, allowing attackers to alter API responses for free access.
55. What is “Abuse of User Verification Mechanisms” in business logic?
A) Exploiting weak verification methods to bypass account security
B) Injecting SQL queries into user verification systems
C) Using brute-force attacks to crack user credentials
D) Encrypting request headers to manipulate verification processes
✅ Answer: A) Exploiting weak verification methods to bypass account security
💡 Explanation: Attackers may exploit weak or predictable verification (e.g., email-based verification without unique codes).
56. How can attackers exploit “Gift Card Balance Tampering”?
A) By modifying gift card values through API requests
B) By injecting malware into gift card databases
C) By brute-forcing gift card numbers to find valid ones
D) By performing DoS attacks on gift card services
✅ Answer: A) By modifying gift card values through API requests
💡 Explanation: Some systems fail to validate balances properly, allowing users to alter the balance stored in requests.
57. What is a “Refund Fraud Loop” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Exploiting refund policies to receive multiple reimbursements without returning the product
B) Injecting JavaScript into refund request forms
C) Modifying SQL queries to alter refund transactions
D) Brute-forcing refund approval processes
✅ Answer: A) Exploiting refund policies to receive multiple reimbursements without returning the product
💡 Explanation: Some applications allow users to request multiple refunds for the same transaction without verification.
58. How does “User Role Manipulation” exploit business logic?
A) By changing role attributes in API requests to gain admin privileges
B) By injecting JavaScript into user role settings
C) By brute-forcing admin credentials to change roles
D) By executing DoS attacks on role management systems
✅ Answer: A) By changing role attributes in API requests to gain admin privileges
💡 Explanation: Some poorly secured systems allow attackers to escalate privileges by modifying user role values.
59. What is “Order Cancellation Fraud” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Canceling an order after receiving the product to obtain a refund and keep the item
B) Injecting SQL queries into the order cancellation system
C) Overloading the cancellation process with excessive requests
D) Encrypting order requests to bypass security
✅ Answer: A) Canceling an order after receiving the product to obtain a refund and keep the item
💡 Explanation: Attackers exploit refund processes to keep both the product and the refunded money.
60. What is an “Account Aging Exploit” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Taking advantage of old inactive accounts with weak security policies
B) Using SQL Injection to modify account creation dates
C) Injecting JavaScript into account profiles
D) Performing DoS attacks on inactive accounts
✅ Answer: A) Taking advantage of old inactive accounts with weak security policies
💡 Explanation: Older accounts often lack modern security controls, making them vulnerable to unauthorized access.
61. How does “Cart Juggling” exploit business logic in e-commerce applications?
A) Switching between multiple carts to lock inventory without purchasing
B) Injecting JavaScript into the cart system
C) Using SQL Injection to manipulate product prices
D) Encrypting checkout data to bypass verification
✅ Answer: A) Switching between multiple carts to lock inventory without purchasing
💡 Explanation: Attackers can switch between carts or accounts, preventing legitimate buyers from purchasing popular items.
62. What is “Gift Card Exhaustion” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Using automated scripts to check multiple gift card balances
B) Exploiting buffer overflow vulnerabilities in gift card databases
C) Brute-forcing admin access to modify gift card values
D) Injecting SQL queries to alter stored gift card balances
✅ Answer: A) Using automated scripts to check multiple gift card balances
💡 Explanation: Attackers use bots to check thousands of gift card numbers, identifying those with valid balances.
63. How does “Shipping Address Manipulation” exploit business logic?
A) Modifying shipping addresses to receive products at unauthorized locations
B) Injecting malicious JavaScript into address fields
C) Brute-forcing user account credentials
D) Disabling fraud detection systems
✅ Answer: A) Modifying shipping addresses to receive products at unauthorized locations
💡 Explanation: Some systems allow address modifications after order confirmation, enabling fraudulent redirections.
64. What is “Abusing Stored Value Systems” in business logic exploits?
A) Illegally increasing stored balances in e-wallets or prepaid accounts
B) Brute-forcing stored value account passwords
C) Exploiting session fixation in financial applications
D) Injecting SQL queries into stored value databases
✅ Answer: A) Illegally increasing stored balances in e-wallets or prepaid accounts
💡 Explanation: Attackers modify stored balance records to fraudulently increase their financial assets.
65. What is a “Phantom Order” exploit?
A) Placing an order without actually paying for it
B) Injecting JavaScript to modify order details
C) Using SQL Injection to duplicate orders
D) Encrypting request headers to bypass security
✅ Answer: A) Placing an order without actually paying for it
💡 Explanation: Some payment systems fail to verify transactions, allowing users to place orders without completing payment.
66. What is “Currency Exchange Rate Manipulation” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Exploiting miscalculations in exchange rate conversions to gain financial advantage
B) Injecting malicious SQL queries into exchange rate databases
C) Using JavaScript to alter displayed exchange rates
D) Brute-forcing admin credentials to modify rates
✅ Answer: A) Exploiting miscalculations in exchange rate conversions to gain financial advantage
💡 Explanation: Attackers alter exchange rate calculations, leading to significant financial loss for businesses.
67. How does “User Rank Escalation” exploit business logic?
A) Modifying user rank or reputation scores via API tampering
B) Brute-forcing admin login credentials
C) Injecting JavaScript into user profile pages
D) Exploiting weak password reset mechanisms
✅ Answer: A) Modifying user rank or reputation scores via API tampering
💡 Explanation: Attackers manipulate ranking systems to gain higher privileges or reputation fraudulently.
68. What is “Automated Referral Fraud”?
A) Using bots to generate fake referrals and claim incentives
B) Exploiting SQL Injection to modify referral data
C) Injecting malicious JavaScript into referral pages
D) Brute-forcing referral program admin credentials
✅ Answer: A) Using bots to generate fake referrals and claim incentives
💡 Explanation: Some referral systems fail to validate legitimate users, allowing attackers to abuse referral bonuses.
69. How does “Invalid Data Entry” exploit business logic flaws?
A) Entering negative values, incorrect dates, or manipulated inputs to break workflows
B) Brute-forcing database credentials
C) Using JavaScript injections to alter form behavior
D) Encrypting transaction logs to evade tracking
✅ Answer: A) Entering negative values, incorrect dates, or manipulated inputs to break workflows
💡 Explanation: Attackers submit invalid data, such as negative numbers, fake timestamps, or unrealistic values, causing unintended system behavior.
70. What is “Bidding Fraud” in online auctions?
A) Placing fake bids to manipulate auction prices
B) Using SQL Injection to modify bid values
C) Exploiting buffer overflow vulnerabilities in bidding systems
D) Injecting JavaScript to steal competitor bids
✅ Answer: A) Placing fake bids to manipulate auction prices
💡 Explanation: Fraudsters place unrealistic bids to either inflate or devalue auctioned items.
71. How can “Promotion Code Brute-Forcing” be prevented?
A) Implementing rate limits and unique code validations
B) Encrypting user credentials
C) Disabling JavaScript on the client side
D) Using CAPTCHA on every checkout process
✅ Answer: A) Implementing rate limits and unique code validations
💡 Explanation: Attackers test multiple promotion codes unless rate limits and tracking mechanisms are enforced.
72. How does “Subscription Downgrade Abuse” exploit business logic?
A) Downgrading to a free plan after receiving premium services
B) Using SQL Injection to modify subscription details
C) Exploiting authentication tokens to access paid content
D) Brute-forcing premium subscription credentials
✅ Answer: A) Downgrading to a free plan after receiving premium services
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to revoke premium benefits when users downgrade their subscription.
73. How does “Fraudulent Return Abuse” exploit business logic?
A) Returning used, fake, or stolen items for a refund
B) Brute-forcing return request approvals
C) Injecting JavaScript into the return policy page
D) Exploiting SQL Injection in refund processing
✅ Answer: A) Returning used, fake, or stolen items for a refund
💡 Explanation: Some systems lack proper verification, allowing users to fraudulently claim refunds.
74. How does “Exploit of Minimum Purchase Requirements” affect e-commerce sites?
A) Manipulating the cart total to bypass minimum purchase rules
B) Using SQL Injection to alter product pricing
C) Injecting JavaScript into discount pages
D) Brute-forcing purchase order approvals
✅ Answer: A) Manipulating the cart total to bypass minimum purchase rules
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to enforce purchase limits properly, allowing users to manipulate order totals.
75. What is “Dynamic Pricing Exploit”?
A) Manipulating product prices by altering request parameters
B) Injecting SQL queries into pricing databases
C) Using JavaScript to modify displayed prices
D) Brute-forcing admin pricing dashboards
✅ Answer: A) Manipulating product prices by altering request parameters
💡 Explanation: Some systems fail to validate pricing data on the server, allowing client-side price manipulation.
76. What is “Session Duplication Exploit”?
A) Using a valid session token multiple times to maintain unauthorized access
B) Brute-forcing session cookies
C) Injecting SQL queries into session management systems
D) Exploiting buffer overflow vulnerabilities in session tracking
✅ Answer: A) Using a valid session token multiple times to maintain unauthorized access
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to invalidate session tokens, allowing session reuse and unauthorized access.
77. How does “Loyalty Points Transfer Abuse” exploit business logic?
A) Manipulating request parameters to transfer points without authorization
B) Injecting JavaScript into loyalty points calculation systems
C) Using SQL Injection to modify stored loyalty points
D) Brute-forcing loyalty account credentials
✅ Answer: A) Manipulating request parameters to transfer points without authorization
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to validate point transfers, allowing unauthorized transactions.
78. What is “Fake Account Chaining” in business logic attacks?
A) Creating multiple fake accounts to manipulate referral bonuses
B) Using SQL Injection to gain admin privileges
C) Exploiting authentication bypass vulnerabilities
D) Injecting JavaScript into account registration pages
✅ Answer: A) Creating multiple fake accounts to manipulate referral bonuses
💡 Explanation: Attackers generate multiple fake referrals to claim excessive bonuses or rewards.
79. How does “Email Manipulation” allow attackers to exploit business logic flaws?
A) Changing email addresses to receive multiple trial benefits
B) Using SQL Injection to alter email records
C) Injecting JavaScript into email validation forms
D) Brute-forcing email verification processes
✅ Answer: A) Changing email addresses to receive multiple trial benefits
💡 Explanation: Some systems fail to validate unique emails properly, allowing users to bypass trial limits.
80. What is “Service Downgrade Attack”?
A) Downgrading services to exploit vulnerabilities in free-tier plans
B) Using SQL Injection to modify service levels
C) Injecting JavaScript to alter subscription status
D) Brute-forcing admin panels to change service levels
✅ Answer: A) Downgrading services to exploit vulnerabilities in free-tier plans
💡 Explanation: Some free-tier accounts retain premium features, which attackers exploit by downgrading after accessing paid features.
81. How does “Fake Order Generation” impact e-commerce businesses?
A) Attackers create fake orders to disrupt inventory and logistics
B) Using SQL Injection to generate fraudulent orders
C) Injecting JavaScript into the order placement system
D) Brute-forcing customer account credentials
✅ Answer: A) Attackers create fake orders to disrupt inventory and logistics
💡 Explanation: Attackers manipulate order workflows, leading to logistical and financial losses.
82. How does “Session Persistence Exploitation” compromise security?
A) Attackers reuse expired session tokens to gain access
B) Using SQL Injection to extract session data
C) Brute-forcing session cookies to hijack accounts
D) Injecting JavaScript into the session storage
✅ Answer: A) Attackers reuse expired session tokens to gain access
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to invalidate expired sessions, allowing unauthorized access.
83. How does “Address Validation Bypass” impact business logic security?
A) Attackers manipulate shipping addresses to avoid taxes or exploit delivery loopholes
B) Using SQL Injection to modify stored addresses
C) Injecting JavaScript into checkout forms
D) Brute-forcing admin login credentials
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate shipping addresses to avoid taxes or exploit delivery loopholes
💡 Explanation: Some systems do not properly validate addresses, allowing users to manipulate delivery details.
84. What is “Delayed Subscription Cancellation Exploit”?
A) Attackers continue using premium services after canceling subscriptions
B) Using SQL Injection to modify subscription expiration dates
C) Injecting JavaScript to alter user subscription status
D) Brute-forcing admin subscription panels
✅ Answer: A) Attackers continue using premium services after canceling subscriptions
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to revoke access immediately, allowing users to continue benefiting from premium features.
85. How does “Trial Period Reset Abuse” affect SaaS platforms?
A) Attackers repeatedly reset trial periods using different email addresses
B) Using SQL Injection to extend trial periods
C) Injecting JavaScript into account expiration modules
D) Brute-forcing admin accounts to enable trial access
✅ Answer: A) Attackers repeatedly reset trial periods using different email addresses
💡 Explanation: Some services fail to enforce device-based or IP-based restrictions, allowing users to exploit trial resets.
86. How can “Payment Gateway Parameter Tampering” be exploited?
A) Modifying transaction parameters to pay less than the required amount
B) Using SQL Injection to modify payment records
C) Injecting JavaScript into the checkout page
D) Brute-forcing stored payment credentials
✅ Answer: A) Modifying transaction parameters to pay less than the required amount
💡 Explanation: Some payment gateways fail to validate amounts on the server, allowing parameter manipulation.
87. How does “Fake Reviews & Reputation Manipulation” affect businesses?
A) Attackers flood platforms with fake reviews to manipulate credibility
B) Using SQL Injection to modify review data
C) Injecting JavaScript into review submission pages
D) Brute-forcing admin access to edit reviews
✅ Answer: A) Attackers flood platforms with fake reviews to manipulate credibility
💡 Explanation: Attackers use fake accounts or bots to alter public perception of products or services.
88. What is “Identity Impersonation via Session Replay”?
A) Reusing stolen session tokens to impersonate legitimate users
B) Using SQL Injection to extract identity data
C) Injecting JavaScript to modify user authentication cookies
D) Brute-forcing user credentials to gain access
✅ Answer: A) Reusing stolen session tokens to impersonate legitimate users
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to invalidate old session tokens, allowing attackers to replay them for unauthorized access.
89. How does “Checkout Manipulation” affect online businesses?
A) Modifying checkout parameters to pay less or skip validation steps
B) Using SQL Injection to alter payment databases
C) Injecting JavaScript into checkout forms
D) Brute-forcing stored checkout credentials
✅ Answer: A) Modifying checkout parameters to pay less or skip validation steps
💡 Explanation: Attackers tamper with checkout logic, such as bypassing mandatory payment or modifying cart prices.
90. What is “Delayed Fraud Detection Exploitation”?
A) Taking advantage of slow fraud detection systems to perform rapid fraudulent transactions
B) Using SQL Injection to modify fraud detection logs
C) Injecting JavaScript into fraud monitoring tools
D) Brute-forcing fraud detection alerts
✅ Answer: A) Taking advantage of slow fraud detection systems to perform rapid fraudulent transactions
💡 Explanation: Some fraud detection lags behind real-time transactions, allowing attackers to exploit the delay.
91. How does “Multi-Account Exploitation” affect digital services?
A) Attackers create multiple fake accounts to bypass account-based restrictions
B) Using SQL Injection to modify account information
C) Injecting JavaScript into login pages
D) Brute-forcing admin credentials to access multiple accounts
✅ Answer: A) Attackers create multiple fake accounts to bypass account-based restrictions
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to detect multiple fake accounts, leading to exploitations like unlimited free trials.
92. How does “Unrestricted Quantity Purchase Manipulation” exploit business logic?
A) By modifying the quantity parameter to purchase more items than allowed
B) By injecting SQL queries into the purchase system
C) By brute-forcing admin credentials to modify purchase limits
D) By using JavaScript to bypass the checkout process
✅ Answer: A) By modifying the quantity parameter to purchase more items than allowed
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce platforms fail to enforce purchase limits, allowing attackers to bypass restrictions and hoard limited-edition items.
93. What is “Bulk Account Registration Exploitation”?
A) Attackers create multiple accounts to abuse free trials, promotions, or referral programs
B) Attackers inject JavaScript into the registration form
C) Attackers brute-force passwords for multiple accounts
D) Attackers modify account registration timestamps via SQL Injection
✅ Answer: A) Attackers create multiple accounts to abuse free trials, promotions, or referral programs
💡 Explanation: Some services lack proper validation against automated bot registrations, leading to fraudulent account creation.
94. How does “Session Expiry Evasion” exploit business logic flaws?
A) Attackers extend session lifetime by modifying session tokens or cookies
B) Attackers inject SQL queries to manipulate session data
C) Attackers use brute-force techniques to hijack sessions
D) Attackers exploit JavaScript vulnerabilities to modify authentication headers
✅ Answer: A) Attackers extend session lifetime by modifying session tokens or cookies
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to enforce proper session expiration, allowing attackers to extend or reuse expired sessions.
95. How does “Inconsistent Payment Validation” affect business security?
A) Attackers modify payment confirmation requests to mark transactions as successful without actual payment
B) Attackers brute-force payment gateway credentials
C) Attackers inject JavaScript into payment forms
D) Attackers perform DoS attacks on payment processing systems
✅ Answer: A) Attackers modify payment confirmation requests to mark transactions as successful without actual payment
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to verify payments at multiple checkpoints, allowing attackers to bypass financial transactions.
96. What is “Post-Order Price Modification”?
A) Attackers alter the price of an order after purchase but before processing
B) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to modify prices
C) Attackers inject SQL queries into the order database
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter the price displayed on the checkout page
✅ Answer: A) Attackers alter the price of an order after purchase but before processing
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce systems fail to lock order prices after checkout, allowing attackers to modify values before finalization.
97. How does “Inventory Inflation” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers create fake inventory entries to mislead stock tracking systems
B) Attackers inject SQL queries to duplicate stock records
C) Attackers use JavaScript to alter stock quantities in real-time
D) Attackers brute-force admin panels to change inventory values
✅ Answer: A) Attackers create fake inventory entries to mislead stock tracking systems
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to validate stock levels properly, allowing attackers to inflate inventory counts for fraudulent purposes.
98. What is “Unauthorized Access via Role ID Manipulation”?
A) Modifying role ID values in API requests to escalate privileges
B) Using SQL Injection to alter user role permissions
C) Brute-forcing administrator passwords to gain access
D) Exploiting JavaScript vulnerabilities to modify session tokens
✅ Answer: A) Modifying role ID values in API requests to escalate privileges
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to validate user roles on the server side, allowing attackers to escalate privileges by altering role IDs in requests.
99. How does “Delayed Order Cancellation” impact businesses?
A) Attackers request a refund after the product has been used or resold
B) Attackers inject SQL queries to cancel orders in bulk
C) Attackers brute-force refund processing requests
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter refund amounts
✅ Answer: A) Attackers request a refund after the product has been used or resold
💡 Explanation: Some systems fail to track product usage, allowing attackers to abuse return policies for fraudulent refunds.
100. What is “Multi-Device Session Exploitation”?
A) Attackers log in on multiple devices and manipulate synchronization errors
B) Attackers inject JavaScript to hijack active sessions
C) Attackers brute-force multi-device authentication
D) Attackers use SQL Injection to modify device session data
✅ Answer: A) Attackers log in on multiple devices and manipulate synchronization errors
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to properly synchronize sessions across devices, allowing attackers to exploit race conditions.
101. What is “Loyalty Points Expiry Bypass”?
A) Attackers manipulate timestamps to prevent loyalty points from expiring
B) Attackers inject SQL queries to reset loyalty points
C) Attackers brute-force customer accounts to steal loyalty points
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify loyalty point values
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate timestamps to prevent loyalty points from expiring
💡 Explanation: Some systems rely on client-side timestamps, allowing attackers to manipulate expiration dates for loyalty rewards.
102. How does “Repeated Failed Payment Exploitation” work?
A) Attackers use declined transactions to exploit retry mechanisms and receive products without payment
B) Attackers brute-force credit card details
C) Attackers inject JavaScript into the payment verification page
D) Attackers perform SQL Injection to alter payment records
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use declined transactions to exploit retry mechanisms and receive products without payment
💡 Explanation: Some payment gateways fail to handle repeated payment failures properly, allowing attackers to force incomplete transactions through.
103. What is “Flash Sale Manipulation”?
A) Attackers use automation to claim all available discounted items before real customers can
B) Attackers inject JavaScript into the flash sale system
C) Attackers brute-force discount codes for exclusive deals
D) Attackers use SQL Injection to modify flash sale product prices
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use automation to claim all available discounted items before real customers can
💡 Explanation: Some flash sale systems lack rate-limiting protections, allowing bots to buy out all inventory instantly.
104. How does “Referral Loop Exploitation” impact referral programs?
A) Attackers use the same referral code repeatedly to gain unlimited rewards
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the referral database
C) Attackers brute-force referral system credentials
D) Attackers use JavaScript to hijack referral tracking
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use the same referral code repeatedly to gain unlimited rewards
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to track legitimate referrals properly, allowing attackers to exploit referral rewards infinitely.
105. What is “Checkout Redirect Abuse”?
A) Attackers alter the redirect URL to manipulate the final checkout destination
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the checkout process
C) Attackers brute-force checkout credentials
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable checkout security features
✅ Answer: A) Attackers alter the redirect URL to manipulate the final checkout destination
💡 Explanation: Some checkout systems fail to validate redirect URLs, allowing attackers to bypass payment steps or redirect transactions.
105. What is “Delayed Fraudulent Chargebacks” in business logic abuse?
A) Attackers make a legitimate purchase and later issue chargebacks after using the product
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into payment records
C) Attackers brute-force refund approval requests
D) Attackers use JavaScript to manipulate transaction receipts
✅ Answer: A) Attackers make a legitimate purchase and later issue chargebacks after using the product
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to track fraud indicators, allowing attackers to issue chargebacks after consuming services or reselling products.
106. How does “Cart Price Mismatch Manipulation” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers alter cart prices on the client side to reduce total payment
B) Attackers use SQL Injection to modify cart values in the database
C) Attackers inject JavaScript into checkout forms
D) Attackers brute-force discount codes to apply higher discounts
✅ Answer: A) Attackers alter cart prices on the client side to reduce total payment
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to validate final cart prices on the server, allowing attackers to manipulate prices before checkout.
107. What is “Customer Support Request Abuse” in business logic?
A) Attackers exploit weak customer support validation to gain unauthorized refunds, upgrades, or credits
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the support request system
C) Attackers brute-force customer support admin credentials
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify live chat requests
✅ Answer: A) Attackers exploit weak customer support validation to gain unauthorized refunds, upgrades, or credits
💡 Explanation: Some companies fail to enforce proper identity verification in customer support, allowing attackers to claim refunds, free credits, or access to premium features.
108. How does “Abusing Sign-Up Incentives” exploit business logic flaws?
A) Attackers repeatedly create fake accounts to claim promotional sign-up rewards
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the sign-up form
C) Attackers brute-force user credentials to steal sign-up rewards
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify the sign-up process
✅ Answer: A) Attackers repeatedly create fake accounts to claim promotional sign-up rewards
💡 Explanation: Some companies fail to limit promotional benefits per user, allowing attackers to farm free bonuses.
109. What is “Insufficient Order Verification” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers manipulate order processing logic to receive products without completing payments
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into order verification processes
C) Attackers brute-force authentication tokens in order confirmation emails
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify order confirmation pages
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate order processing logic to receive products without completing payments
💡 Explanation: Some systems fail to enforce order validation at multiple stages, allowing attackers to bypass payment steps.
110. How does “Multiple Currency Exchange Arbitrage” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers take advantage of exchange rate mismatches between different currencies to gain financial benefits
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into foreign exchange rate systems
C) Attackers brute-force currency conversion APIs
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter displayed currency rates
✅ Answer: A) Attackers take advantage of exchange rate mismatches between different currencies to gain financial benefits
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to update exchange rates in real time, allowing attackers to manipulate currency conversions for profit.
111. What is “Time-Delayed Subscription Reversal Abuse”?
A) Attackers subscribe to a premium service, use it extensively, and cancel before the free trial expires
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into subscription management systems
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to modify subscription durations
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable subscription tracking
✅ Answer: A) Attackers subscribe to a premium service, use it extensively, and cancel before the free trial expires
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to enforce proper subscription controls, allowing attackers to abuse free trials without limitations.
112. How does “Automated Mass Booking Exploitation” impact online services?
A) Attackers use bots to reserve limited event seats, tickets, or hotel rooms without completing payments
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into booking systems
C) Attackers brute-force user credentials to gain booking access
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify reservation details
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use bots to reserve limited event seats, tickets, or hotel rooms without completing payments
💡 Explanation: Some online services fail to prevent automated bookings, leading to ticket scalping or denial-of-service to real customers.
113. What is “Social Media Giveaway Manipulation”?
A) Attackers use fake accounts or bots to increase their chances of winning giveaways
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into social media databases
C) Attackers brute-force admin login credentials for giveaway management
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify social media verification processes
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use fake accounts or bots to increase their chances of winning giveaways
💡 Explanation: Some giveaway systems fail to detect fake entries, allowing attackers to exploit social media promotions.
114. How does “Email Change Confirmation Bypass” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers change a user’s email without requiring verification
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the email change process
C) Attackers brute-force email verification tokens
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter email change forms
✅ Answer: A) Attackers change a user’s email without requiring verification
💡 Explanation: Some systems fail to enforce email confirmation when updating user accounts, allowing attackers to take over accounts.
115. What is “Gift Card Refund Abuse” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers purchase gift cards, redeem them, and request refunds for the original purchase
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the gift card system
C) Attackers brute-force gift card validation codes
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter gift card expiration dates
✅ Answer: A) Attackers purchase gift cards, redeem them, and request refunds for the original purchase
💡 Explanation: Some retailers fail to validate gift card redemptions before approving refunds, leading to financial losses.
116. What is “Geolocation Bypass Exploitation” in online services?
A) Attackers modify geolocation data to access region-restricted content or services
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into location-based authentication systems
C) Attackers brute-force user IP addresses to access restricted content
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify geolocation settings
✅ Answer: A) Attackers modify geolocation data to access region-restricted content or services
💡 Explanation: Some services rely on client-side geolocation checks, which attackers can bypass using VPNs or spoofing techniques.
117. How does “Fake Chargeback Claim” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers falsely claim unauthorized charges to get a refund while keeping the product or service
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into payment dispute systems
C) Attackers brute-force financial transaction records
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable fraud detection features
✅ Answer: A) Attackers falsely claim unauthorized charges to get a refund while keeping the product or service
💡 Explanation: Some businesses lack proper chargeback dispute mechanisms, allowing fraudsters to abuse refund policies.
118. How does “Subscription Plan Abuse” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers subscribe to a lower-tier plan but gain access to higher-tier features due to misconfigured permissions
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the subscription database
C) Attackers brute-force admin login credentials to modify plans
D) Attackers use JavaScript to bypass authentication tokens
✅ Answer: A) Attackers subscribe to a lower-tier plan but gain access to higher-tier features due to misconfigured permissions
💡 Explanation: Some subscription services fail to enforce proper access control, allowing users to access premium features on basic plans.
119. What is “Payment Method Swapping Exploitation”?
A) Attackers add a valid payment method, make a purchase, then switch to an invalid method before payment processing
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into payment systems
C) Attackers brute-force credit card CVV numbers
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify payment gateway responses
✅ Answer: A) Attackers add a valid payment method, make a purchase, then switch to an invalid method before payment processing
💡 Explanation: Some payment gateways fail to verify the final payment method, allowing attackers to swap payment details after initiating transactions.
120. How does “Session Hijacking via Weak Logout Mechanisms” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers reuse old session tokens to regain access to accounts after logout
B) Attackers brute-force passwords for inactive accounts
C) Attackers inject SQL queries into authentication databases
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify session expiration timestamps
✅ Answer: A) Attackers reuse old session tokens to regain access to accounts after logout
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to properly invalidate session tokens, allowing attackers to continue using a session even after the user logs out.
121. How does “Coupon Code Brute-Forcing” impact e-commerce businesses?
A) Attackers repeatedly test different coupon codes until they find valid ones
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the discount database
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to generate unlimited coupons
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify coupon expiration dates
✅ Answer: A) Attackers repeatedly test different coupon codes until they find valid ones
💡 Explanation: Some websites do not enforce rate limits on coupon code inputs, allowing attackers to brute-force valid codes for unlimited discounts.
122. What is “Shipping Address Cycling” in business logic exploitation?
A) Attackers rotate through different shipping addresses to bypass order limits or fraud detection
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the shipping database
C) Attackers brute-force delivery tracking numbers
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable shipping verification checks
✅ Answer: A) Attackers rotate through different shipping addresses to bypass order limits or fraud detection
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce platforms fail to detect multiple orders from the same user with different addresses, enabling fraud.
123. How does “Fake Document Submission” exploit business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers upload forged or altered documents to bypass identity verification
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into document storage databases
C) Attackers brute-force document verification codes
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter document metadata
✅ Answer: A) Attackers upload forged or altered documents to bypass identity verification
💡 Explanation: Some systems do not properly validate uploaded documents, allowing attackers to submit fake IDs, invoices, or certifications.
124. How does “Repeated Free Trial Exploitation” impact SaaS businesses?
A) Attackers create multiple accounts using different emails to continuously access free trials
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the trial validation system
C) Attackers brute-force premium user credentials
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify trial expiration dates
✅ Answer: A) Attackers create multiple accounts using different emails to continuously access free trials
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to limit trials per device or IP address, allowing users to bypass free trial restrictions.
125. What is “Dynamic Pricing Manipulation” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers alter the pricing of products by manipulating client-side requests
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into pricing databases
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to modify product prices
D) Attackers use JavaScript to overwrite displayed prices
✅ Answer: A) Attackers alter the pricing of products by manipulating client-side requests
💡 Explanation: Some pricing systems do not validate final amounts server-side, allowing users to change prices before checkout.
126. How does “Reward Program Point Farming” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers automate actions to accumulate reward points illegitimately
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into reward databases
C) Attackers brute-force reward redemption codes
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter point calculations
✅ Answer: A) Attackers automate actions to accumulate reward points illegitimately
💡 Explanation: Some loyalty programs fail to detect automated or fraudulent activity, allowing users to farm excessive reward points.
127. What is “Loyalty Points Transfer Manipulation”?
A) Attackers exploit weak validation mechanisms to transfer loyalty points to fake accounts
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the loyalty point database
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to modify loyalty balances
D) Attackers use JavaScript to overwrite loyalty point transactions
✅ Answer: A) Attackers exploit weak validation mechanisms to transfer loyalty points to fake accounts
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to properly authenticate transfers, allowing attackers to move points to fraudulent accounts.
128. How does “Pre-Authorization Payment Exploitation” work?
A) Attackers abuse pre-authorized payment holds to complete transactions without full payment
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into pre-authorization systems
C) Attackers brute-force credit card details
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify payment verification processes
✅ Answer: A) Attackers abuse pre-authorized payment holds to complete transactions without full payment
💡 Explanation: Some payment gateways do not properly verify final payments, allowing attackers to receive goods or services without completing the transaction.
129. What is “Early Cancellation Exploitation” in subscription-based services?
A) Attackers sign up, receive benefits, and cancel before being charged
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the subscription database
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to modify subscription status
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable payment processing
✅ Answer: A) Attackers sign up, receive benefits, and cancel before being charged
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to enforce proper billing cycles, allowing users to cancel services before their trial or billing period ends.
130. How does “Order Duplication Exploit” impact e-commerce businesses?
A) Attackers manipulate order processes to receive duplicate items without additional charges
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into order history databases
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to generate extra orders
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify order confirmation emails
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate order processes to receive duplicate items without additional charges
💡 Explanation: Some platforms do not properly track order fulfillment, allowing users to place duplicate orders without extra payment.
131. What is “Delayed Payment Confirmation Exploitation” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers manipulate payment gateways to receive goods before the payment is fully processed
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into payment confirmation databases
C) Attackers brute-force transaction IDs to find valid ones
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify payment timestamps
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate payment gateways to receive goods before the payment is fully processed
💡 Explanation: Some businesses ship products or provide services before confirming payments, allowing attackers to cancel transactions or exploit chargebacks.
132. How does “Multi-Session Exploitation” impact account security?
A) Attackers use multiple simultaneous sessions to bypass logout mechanisms or manipulate workflows
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into session storage databases
C) Attackers brute-force session tokens to hijack accounts
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable session expiration
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use multiple simultaneous sessions to bypass logout mechanisms or manipulate workflows
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to properly terminate all active sessions on logout, allowing attackers to maintain access using older sessions.
133. What is “Partial Order Completion Abuse”?
A) Attackers manipulate order processing to receive partial shipments without paying full price
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into order fulfillment systems
C) Attackers brute-force tracking numbers to intercept shipments
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify checkout forms
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate order processing to receive partial shipments without paying full price
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce platforms do not validate order fulfillment properly, allowing attackers to exploit split shipments.
134. How does “Device Fingerprinting Bypass” impact security?
A) Attackers modify or spoof their device information to bypass security restrictions
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into device authentication logs
C) Attackers brute-force API keys to access device verification endpoints
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable browser fingerprinting
✅ Answer: A) Attackers modify or spoof their device information to bypass security restrictions
💡 Explanation: Some security mechanisms use device fingerprinting to detect fraud, but attackers can manipulate headers, user agents, and IP addresses to bypass detection.
135. What is “Reverse Transaction Exploitation”?
A) Attackers exploit refund mechanisms to reverse transactions without returning products or services
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into financial transaction logs
C) Attackers brute-force refund approval requests
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter refund timestamps
✅ Answer: A) Attackers exploit refund mechanisms to reverse transactions without returning products or services
💡 Explanation: Some payment systems fail to validate refund conditions properly, allowing users to request refunds while keeping purchased items.
136. How does “Point-of-Sale (POS) Discount Manipulation” impact retail security?
A) Attackers modify POS requests to apply unauthorized discounts
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into POS terminals
C) Attackers brute-force discount code inputs
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter POS transaction logs
✅ Answer: A) Attackers modify POS requests to apply unauthorized discounts
💡 Explanation: Some POS systems fail to validate discount rules, allowing attackers to apply excessive discounts at checkout.
137. What is “API Rate Limit Circumvention” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers manipulate API requests to bypass rate-limiting restrictions
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into API logs
C) Attackers brute-force API authentication tokens
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify API response headers
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate API requests to bypass rate-limiting restrictions
💡 Explanation: Some APIs fail to enforce rate limits properly, allowing attackers to send high-volume requests without restrictions.
138. How does “Content Scraping via Business Logic Flaws” affect websites?
A) Attackers use automation to extract proprietary data from a website by bypassing security measures
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into content management systems
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to access restricted content
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify web page source code
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use automation to extract proprietary data from a website by bypassing security measures
💡 Explanation: Some web applications do not implement proper bot detection, allowing attackers to scrape pricing, user data, or sensitive content.
139. What is “Guest Checkout Order Abuse”?
A) Attackers use guest checkout options to make fraudulent purchases with stolen credit cards
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into guest checkout databases
C) Attackers brute-force tracking numbers to intercept shipments
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify order confirmation emails
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use guest checkout options to make fraudulent purchases with stolen credit cards
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce platforms do not enforce identity verification on guest checkouts, allowing fraudulent transactions with stolen payment details.
140. How does “Promotional Service Abuse” exploit business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers repeatedly claim promotional services by altering sign-up details or using automation
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into promotional discount databases
C) Attackers brute-force promotional coupon codes
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify promotional offer expiration dates
✅ Answer: A) Attackers repeatedly claim promotional services by altering sign-up details or using automation
💡 Explanation: Some businesses fail to track repeat abuse of promotional services, allowing attackers to exploit free offers indefinitely.
141. What is “Multi-Account Gaming Exploitation”?
A) Attackers create multiple fake accounts to manipulate in-game economies and rewards
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into game server databases
C) Attackers brute-force player credentials to steal in-game items
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify in-game purchase transactions
✅ Answer: A) Attackers create multiple fake accounts to manipulate in-game economies and rewards
💡 Explanation: Some online games fail to detect multi-account abuse, allowing attackers to farm rewards, manipulate leaderboards, or gain an unfair advantage.
142. How does “Fake Donation Exploitation” impact crowdfunding platforms?
A) Attackers pledge large donations, withdraw them after gaining access to benefits or promotions
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the donation tracking system
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to alter donation amounts
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify donation receipts
✅ Answer: A) Attackers pledge large donations, withdraw them after gaining access to benefits or promotions
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to verify payment commitments, allowing attackers to exploit bonuses, visibility boosts, or incentives before canceling donations.
143. How does “Social Engineering via Account Recovery” exploit business logic flaws?
A) Attackers manipulate customer service representatives to gain unauthorized account access
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the password recovery database
C) Attackers brute-force password reset links
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter account recovery forms
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate customer service representatives to gain unauthorized account access
💡 Explanation: Some account recovery processes rely too heavily on human verification, making them vulnerable to social engineering attacks.
144. What is “Tiered Service Manipulation” in subscription-based platforms?
A) Attackers sign up for a basic plan but manipulate API requests to access premium services
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into service-tier databases
C) Attackers brute-force service credentials to access higher-tier plans
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter displayed subscription features
✅ Answer: A) Attackers sign up for a basic plan but manipulate API requests to access premium services
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to properly validate user entitlements, allowing attackers to bypass subscription restrictions.
145. How does “Invoice Forgery Exploitation” impact financial systems?
A) Attackers manipulate invoice generation logic to create fake or inflated invoices
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into invoice databases
C) Attackers brute-force invoice confirmation numbers
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter invoice display values
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate invoice generation logic to create fake or inflated invoices
💡 Explanation: Some financial systems do not validate invoices properly, allowing fraudsters to generate fake bills for refunds or payments.
146. What is “Cart Retention Discount Abuse” in e-commerce systems?
A) Attackers abandon carts intentionally to trigger automatic discount offers
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into pricing engines
C) Attackers brute-force promotional discount codes
D) Attackers use JavaScript to manipulate cart expiration timers
✅ Answer: A) Attackers abandon carts intentionally to trigger automatic discount offers
💡 Explanation: Some retailers offer discounts to users who abandon their carts, which attackers exploit by repeatedly initiating and abandoning purchases.
147. How does “IP-Based Rate Limiting Evasion” impact security?
A) Attackers rotate IP addresses to bypass security controls such as login attempt restrictions
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into IP logging databases
C) Attackers brute-force IP addresses of admin users
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify firewall rules
✅ Answer: A) Attackers rotate IP addresses to bypass security controls such as login attempt restrictions
💡 Explanation: Some platforms use basic IP-based rate limiting, which attackers can evade using proxies, VPNs, or botnets.
148. How does “Malicious Review Bombing” exploit business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers use bots or fake accounts to leave negative reviews and manipulate ratings
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the review database
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to delete positive reviews
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify displayed review scores
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use bots or fake accounts to leave negative reviews and manipulate ratings
💡 Explanation: Some review platforms fail to detect fake or mass-generated reviews, allowing attackers to damage reputations unfairly.
149. What is “Unvalidated Loyalty Reward Claims” in customer rewards programs?
A) Attackers redeem loyalty rewards without meeting eligibility requirements
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the loyalty point database
C) Attackers brute-force loyalty reward codes
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter displayed loyalty balances
✅ Answer: A) Attackers redeem loyalty rewards without meeting eligibility requirements
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to verify reward eligibility, allowing users to redeem points or benefits they have not actually earned.
150. How does “Public API Key Exploitation” impact API security?
A) Attackers use exposed API keys to make unauthorized requests, often leading to data breaches or financial loss
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into API authentication logs
C) Attackers brute-force API keys to access restricted functions
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter API response validation
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use exposed API keys to make unauthorized requests, often leading to data breaches or financial loss
💡 Explanation: Some applications hard-code API keys in public repositories or front-end code, allowing attackers to extract them and misuse API functionality.
151. What is “Repeated Refund Claim Exploitation” in e-commerce?
A) Attackers repeatedly request refunds for the same transaction using different claims
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the refund processing system
C) Attackers brute-force refund transaction IDs
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter refund timestamps
✅ Answer: A) Attackers repeatedly request refunds for the same transaction using different claims
💡 Explanation: Some systems fail to properly track refund requests, allowing attackers to exploit refund policies for financial gain.
152. How does “Unlimited Download Abuse” exploit digital product platforms?
A) Attackers repeatedly download digital products beyond the intended limit
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into digital product storage systems
C) Attackers brute-force digital download authentication keys
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify download expiration dates
✅ Answer: A) Attackers repeatedly download digital products beyond the intended limit
💡 Explanation: Some digital platforms fail to enforce download limits, allowing users to abuse resources and redistribute digital content illegally.
153. What is “Credit Card Expiry Bypass” in online payments?
A) Attackers manipulate expired credit card details to complete transactions
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into credit card validation databases
C) Attackers brute-force CVV numbers to validate expired cards
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify card expiration fields
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate expired credit card details to complete transactions
💡 Explanation: Some payment processors fail to properly validate expired cards, allowing attackers to bypass expiration checks.
154. How does “Gift Card Balance Enumeration” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers test multiple gift card numbers to identify valid cards with balances
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the gift card system
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to generate gift card codes
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify displayed gift card balances
✅ Answer: A) Attackers test multiple gift card numbers to identify valid cards with balances
💡 Explanation: Some systems lack rate limiting on gift card balance queries, allowing attackers to identify and exploit active cards.
155. What is “Auto-Renewal Subscription Fraud”?
A) Attackers manipulate billing cycles to extend free trials indefinitely
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the subscription management system
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to modify billing settings
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable auto-renewal notifications
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate billing cycles to extend free trials indefinitely
💡 Explanation: Some services fail to enforce billing restrictions, allowing users to avoid charges by canceling just before renewal and re-subscribing.
156. How does “Fake Shipping Confirmation Exploitation” impact e-commerce?
A) Attackers generate fake shipping confirmations to claim refunds or replacements
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into shipping databases
C) Attackers brute-force tracking numbers to intercept deliveries
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify shipping tracking details
✅ Answer: A) Attackers generate fake shipping confirmations to claim refunds or replacements
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce platforms fail to validate shipping statuses properly, allowing attackers to claim fake losses.
157. How does “Cross-Border Currency Arbitrage” exploit financial systems?
A) Attackers manipulate exchange rate mismatches to gain financial advantages
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into foreign exchange databases
C) Attackers brute-force financial institution login credentials
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify currency conversion values
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate exchange rate mismatches to gain financial advantages
💡 Explanation: Some platforms do not update currency exchange rates in real-time, allowing users to exploit outdated conversion values.
158. What is “Checkout Flow Interruption Exploitation”?
A) Attackers manipulate the checkout process to complete orders without full payment
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into checkout processing databases
C) Attackers brute-force user credentials to modify checkout details
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify checkout button functionality
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate the checkout process to complete orders without full payment
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce platforms do not properly track checkout steps, allowing attackers to interrupt and manipulate transactions.
159. How does “Automated Refund Processing Abuse” impact businesses?
A) Attackers automate refund requests to receive multiple refunds for the same purchase
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into refund processing logs
C) Attackers brute-force refund approval email links
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify refund policy pages
✅ Answer: A) Attackers automate refund requests to receive multiple refunds for the same purchase
💡 Explanation: Some companies fail to limit refund requests per transaction, allowing attackers to abuse refund policies.
160. What is “Fake Product Review Farming” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers use automated scripts or fake accounts to generate fraudulent positive reviews
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into product review databases
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to modify product ratings
D) Attackers use JavaScript to manipulate review display scores
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use automated scripts or fake accounts to generate fraudulent positive reviews
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to detect mass-generated or fake reviews, allowing attackers to manipulate product reputation.
161. What is “Delayed Order Confirmation Exploitation” in e-commerce?
A) Attackers manipulate the timing of order confirmations to receive products without payment validation
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the order confirmation database
C) Attackers brute-force order IDs to modify pending orders
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter order confirmation messages
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate the timing of order confirmations to receive products without payment validation
💡 Explanation: Some platforms confirm orders before payments are fully processed, allowing attackers to cancel payments after order dispatch.
162. How does “Overlapping Coupon Code Exploitation” impact online shopping?
A) Attackers apply multiple discount codes simultaneously to exceed intended discounts
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the coupon database
C) Attackers brute-force discount codes to find valid ones
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify checkout discount calculations
✅ Answer: A) Attackers apply multiple discount codes simultaneously to exceed intended discounts
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce platforms fail to enforce coupon stacking restrictions, allowing attackers to apply excessive discounts.
163. What is “Fake Affiliate Program Exploitation” in business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers generate fake referrals to collect commissions without legitimate sales
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the affiliate program database
C) Attackers brute-force affiliate account credentials
D) Attackers use JavaScript to manipulate affiliate tracking cookies
✅ Answer: A) Attackers generate fake referrals to collect commissions without legitimate sales
💡 Explanation: Some affiliate programs fail to validate real sales before crediting commissions, allowing fraudsters to fake referrals and earn commissions fraudulently.
164. How does “Unverified Address Modification Exploitation” affect security?
A) Attackers change shipping addresses after payment to reroute deliveries fraudulently
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the shipping database
C) Attackers brute-force tracking numbers to intercept shipments
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable address verification checks
✅ Answer: A) Attackers change shipping addresses after payment to reroute deliveries fraudulently
💡 Explanation: Some businesses allow address changes after purchase without proper validation, leading to fraudulent order redirection.
165. What is “Unrestricted Gift Card Redemption Exploitation”?
A) Attackers redeem gift cards multiple times due to validation flaws
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into gift card balance tracking
C) Attackers brute-force gift card security PINs
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify redemption timestamps
✅ Answer: A) Attackers redeem gift cards multiple times due to validation flaws
💡 Explanation: Some systems fail to lock gift card balances after redemption, allowing attackers to use them multiple times.
166. How does “Order Cancellation Loophole Abuse” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers cancel orders after dispatch but before the transaction is finalized to receive refunds while keeping items
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into order cancellation records
C) Attackers brute-force order modification requests
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter cancellation confirmation pages
✅ Answer: A) Attackers cancel orders after dispatch but before the transaction is finalized to receive refunds while keeping items
💡 Explanation: Some platforms do not validate cancellation timing properly, allowing attackers to exploit return policies for fraudulent refunds.
167. What is “In-App Purchase Replay Attack”?
A) Attackers replay valid in-app purchase requests to gain unlimited virtual goods
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into in-app purchase records
C) Attackers brute-force app authentication to modify purchases
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter in-app pricing
✅ Answer: A) Attackers replay valid in-app purchase requests to gain unlimited virtual goods
💡 Explanation: Some mobile apps fail to verify transaction receipts properly, allowing attackers to replay valid purchase requests without making additional payments.
168. How does “Fake Order Fulfillment Exploitation” impact businesses?
A) Attackers mark undelivered orders as received to trigger refunds or cashback rewards
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the order tracking system
C) Attackers brute-force order confirmation emails
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify order status updates
✅ Answer: A) Attackers mark undelivered orders as received to trigger refunds or cashback rewards
💡 Explanation: Some platforms do not verify delivery completion properly, allowing attackers to claim rewards or refunds fraudulently.
169. What is “Payment Gateway API Tampering”?
A) Attackers modify API requests to adjust payment amounts or bypass authorization
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into payment processing systems
C) Attackers brute-force API authentication keys
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify payment gateway UI elements
✅ Answer: A) Attackers modify API requests to adjust payment amounts or bypass authorization
💡 Explanation: Some payment gateways do not validate transaction amounts at multiple stages, allowing attackers to alter payment values before completion.
170. How does “Unauthorized Loyalty Points Generation” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers manipulate request parameters to generate loyalty points without actual transactions
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the loyalty points database
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to modify loyalty rewards
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter point calculation formulas
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate request parameters to generate loyalty points without actual transactions
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to properly verify point accumulation, allowing users to generate unauthorized loyalty rewards.
171. What is “Delayed Payment Exploitation” in digital transactions?
A) Attackers exploit slow payment verification systems to access services before completing a transaction
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into payment processing logs
C) Attackers brute-force transaction IDs to complete unauthorized payments
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter displayed payment statuses
✅ Answer: A) Attackers exploit slow payment verification systems to access services before completing a transaction
💡 Explanation: Some services grant access before confirming payments, allowing attackers to cancel payments after using the service.
172. How does “Fake Dispute Filing” exploit business logic vulnerabilities?
A) Attackers falsely report transactions as unauthorized to receive refunds while keeping the product or service
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the dispute resolution system
C) Attackers brute-force customer service portals to file multiple disputes
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify dispute outcome responses
✅ Answer: A) Attackers falsely report transactions as unauthorized to receive refunds while keeping the product or service
💡 Explanation: Some businesses fail to properly verify disputes, allowing fraudsters to claim unauthorized refunds.
173. How does “Content Paywall Bypass” affect digital subscriptions?
A) Attackers manipulate request parameters to access premium content without paying
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into content access databases
C) Attackers brute-force authentication tokens to access restricted content
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify paywall expiration times
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate request parameters to access premium content without paying
💡 Explanation: Some digital platforms fail to validate access controls, allowing attackers to bypass paywalls through direct URL manipulation or API requests.
174. What is “Automatic Reward Farming” in online platforms?
A) Attackers use automated scripts to repeatedly claim rewards in gaming or loyalty programs
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into reward distribution databases
C) Attackers brute-force reward claim forms to extract benefits
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify reward calculation functions
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use automated scripts to repeatedly claim rewards in gaming or loyalty programs
💡 Explanation: Some reward systems do not implement anti-bot measures, allowing attackers to automate the process of earning rewards.
175. How does “Limited-Time Offer Abuse” impact e-commerce platforms?
A) Attackers exploit time-sensitive promotions by repeatedly altering timestamps or session states
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into promotional discount databases
C) Attackers brute-force discount codes to apply expired promotions
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify promotional banners
✅ Answer: A) Attackers exploit time-sensitive promotions by repeatedly altering timestamps or session states
💡 Explanation: Some platforms rely on client-side timestamps, which attackers can manipulate to claim expired discounts or offers.
176. What is “User Verification Bypass” in identity validation processes?
A) Attackers manipulate verification mechanisms to approve fraudulent accounts or transactions
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into verification databases
C) Attackers brute-force OTP (one-time password) entries
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter verification UI elements
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate verification mechanisms to approve fraudulent accounts or transactions
💡 Explanation: Some identity verification systems fail to enforce proper validation, allowing attackers to bypass account restrictions.
177. How does “Automated Captcha Solving” affect online security?
A) Attackers use machine learning or paid services to bypass CAPTCHA protections and abuse business logic
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into CAPTCHA validation databases
C) Attackers brute-force CAPTCHA images to bypass login restrictions
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable CAPTCHA elements
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use machine learning or paid services to bypass CAPTCHA protections and abuse business logic
💡 Explanation: Some platforms rely solely on CAPTCHA for bot protection, which attackers can automate using AI-based solvers or CAPTCHA farms.
178. What is “Customer Loyalty Fraud via Account Takeover”?
A) Attackers take over user accounts and redeem stored loyalty points for unauthorized benefits
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into loyalty program databases
C) Attackers brute-force customer accounts to modify loyalty balances
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter loyalty program redemption interfaces
✅ Answer: A) Attackers take over user accounts and redeem stored loyalty points for unauthorized benefits
💡 Explanation: Some companies fail to secure loyalty points with additional authentication layers, allowing attackers to steal rewards.
179. How does “Fake Referral Chain Abuse” exploit referral programs?
A) Attackers create a network of fake accounts to continuously claim referral rewards
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into referral program databases
C) Attackers brute-force referral tracking numbers
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify referral code expiration dates
✅ Answer: A) Attackers create a network of fake accounts to continuously claim referral rewards
💡 Explanation: Some referral programs lack validation mechanisms, allowing attackers to exploit reward systems by creating and referring fake users.
180. What is “Marketplace Manipulation via Fake Transactions”?
A) Attackers create fake transactions to boost seller rankings or manipulate marketplace analytics
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into marketplace transaction logs
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to alter marketplace statistics
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify displayed product reviews
✅ Answer: A) Attackers create fake transactions to boost seller rankings or manipulate marketplace analytics
💡 Explanation: Some marketplaces fail to verify real transactions, allowing fraudsters to artificially inflate seller ratings.
181. How does “Delayed Shipment Abuse” exploit e-commerce platforms?
A) Attackers place orders, request refunds due to “delayed shipment,” and keep both the item and the refund
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into order processing systems
C) Attackers brute-force tracking numbers to reroute shipments
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify shipping cost calculations
✅ Answer: A) Attackers place orders, request refunds due to “delayed shipment,” and keep both the item and the refund
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce platforms allow refunds for delays without verifying delivery status, leading to fraudulent refund claims.
182. What is “API Response Manipulation Exploitation”?
A) Attackers modify API responses to unlock premium features or unauthorized access
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into API databases
C) Attackers brute-force API authentication tokens
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter API documentation
✅ Answer: A) Attackers modify API responses to unlock premium features or unauthorized access
💡 Explanation: Some APIs fail to validate responses properly, allowing attackers to intercept and modify responses to bypass security measures.
183. How does “Frequent Flyer Miles Abuse” exploit airline reward programs?
A) Attackers transfer or redeem frequent flyer miles without proper verification
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the flight booking database
C) Attackers brute-force frequent flyer account credentials
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify displayed reward miles
✅ Answer: A) Attackers transfer or redeem frequent flyer miles without proper verification
💡 Explanation: Some airline systems fail to enforce strong security for point transfers, allowing attackers to steal or manipulate miles.
184. What is “Mass SMS or Email Abuse via Business Logic”?
A) Attackers exploit a platform’s messaging feature to send unlimited spam messages
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into email databases
C) Attackers brute-force email login credentials
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify spam detection mechanisms
✅ Answer: A) Attackers exploit a platform’s messaging feature to send unlimited spam messages
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to implement rate limiting, allowing attackers to send excessive promotional or spam messages.
185. How does “Early Access Exploitation” affect product launches?
A) Attackers manipulate timestamps or API responses to access unreleased products or content
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into pre-order databases
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to modify release schedules
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter website launch countdown timers
✅ Answer: A) Attackers manipulate timestamps or API responses to access unreleased products or content
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to properly restrict early access, allowing attackers to bypass content or product release schedules.
186. What is “Fake Identity Document Submission” in KYC (Know Your Customer) processes?
A) Attackers submit forged documents to pass identity verification and gain access to services
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into the identity verification system
C) Attackers brute-force user credentials to modify KYC status
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter document submission UI elements
✅ Answer: A) Attackers submit forged documents to pass identity verification and gain access to services
💡 Explanation: Some KYC systems do not validate document authenticity properly, allowing fraudsters to create fake identities.
187. How does “Automated Captcha Token Recycling” exploit web security?
A) Attackers reuse valid CAPTCHA tokens to bypass restrictions multiple times
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into CAPTCHA validation databases
C) Attackers brute-force CAPTCHA images using machine learning models
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable CAPTCHA validation
✅ Answer: A) Attackers reuse valid CAPTCHA tokens to bypass restrictions multiple times
💡 Explanation: Some CAPTCHA implementations fail to expire tokens after use, allowing attackers to recycle them for automated actions.
188. What is “Abusing Order Modification Features” in online stores?
A) Attackers modify orders after payment to add additional items without extra charges
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into order databases
C) Attackers brute-force admin credentials to modify order histories
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify order confirmation emails
✅ Answer: A) Attackers modify orders after payment to add additional items without extra charges
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce platforms allow order modifications after checkout without revalidating payment details, leading to fraudulent order manipulation.
189. How does “Mass Account Enumeration” exploit business logic flaws?
A) Attackers systematically check for valid user accounts by analyzing registration responses
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into authentication databases
C) Attackers brute-force email passwords to gain unauthorized access
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify login session expiration times
✅ Answer: A) Attackers systematically check for valid user accounts by analyzing registration responses
💡 Explanation: Some platforms leak information about existing accounts through registration or login error messages, allowing attackers to enumerate valid user accounts.
190. What is “Session Token Replay in API Calls”?
A) Attackers capture and reuse session tokens to perform unauthorized API actions
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into API session logs
C) Attackers brute-force API session tokens
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify session timeout settings
✅ Answer: A) Attackers capture and reuse session tokens to perform unauthorized API actions
💡 Explanation: Some APIs do not implement proper token expiration or reuse protections, allowing attackers to replay old session tokens for unauthorized access.
191. How does “Session Fixation Attack via URL Parameters” exploit business logic?
A) Attackers force users to use predefined session tokens, allowing account takeover
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into session management databases
C) Attackers brute-force session token values to hijack accounts
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify session expiration policies
✅ Answer: A) Attackers force users to use predefined session tokens, allowing account takeover
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to generate new session tokens upon login, allowing attackers to fix a session ID and hijack user accounts.
192. What is “Exploit of Overly Permissive API Rate Limits”?
A) Attackers send excessive API requests to manipulate business workflows without triggering security mechanisms
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into API logging databases
C) Attackers brute-force API keys to gain administrative access
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter API endpoint restrictions
✅ Answer: A) Attackers send excessive API requests to manipulate business workflows without triggering security mechanisms
💡 Explanation: Some APIs fail to enforce strict rate limits, allowing attackers to brute-force authentication, enumerate accounts, or abuse API features.
193. How does “Race Condition in Account Registration” affect user authentication?
A) Attackers exploit concurrent registration requests to create duplicate or unauthorized accounts
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into user authentication databases
C) Attackers brute-force account registration tokens
D) Attackers use JavaScript to disable email verification
✅ Answer: A) Attackers exploit concurrent registration requests to create duplicate or unauthorized accounts
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to prevent race conditions, allowing attackers to submit multiple registration requests simultaneously and create duplicate accounts.
194. What is “Account Credit Manipulation via Timing Attacks”?
A) Attackers exploit timing discrepancies in financial transactions to gain extra credit or funds
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into account balance databases
C) Attackers brute-force credit card numbers for fraudulent transactions
D) Attackers use JavaScript to alter displayed account balances
✅ Answer: A) Attackers exploit timing discrepancies in financial transactions to gain extra credit or funds
💡 Explanation: Some financial systems fail to synchronize transaction processing correctly, allowing attackers to double-spend credits or abuse balance updates.
195. How does “Forced Browsing to Admin Panels” exploit security weaknesses?
A) Attackers access unauthorized admin pages by directly guessing and entering URLs
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into administrator login forms
C) Attackers brute-force admin passwords to gain access
D) Attackers use JavaScript to bypass admin login interfaces
✅ Answer: A) Attackers access unauthorized admin pages by directly guessing and entering URLs
💡 Explanation: Some web applications lack proper access controls, allowing attackers to access restricted pages by directly entering their URLs.
196. What is “Exploiting Weak Password Reset Mechanisms” in business logic attacks?
A) Attackers use easily guessable security questions or predictable reset links to take over accounts
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into password reset databases
C) Attackers brute-force OTP (one-time password) reset codes
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify password reset email content
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use easily guessable security questions or predictable reset links to take over accounts
💡 Explanation: Some platforms fail to enforce strong authentication during password resets, making them vulnerable to account takeovers.
197. How does “Referral Program Injection Attack” manipulate rewards?
A) Attackers modify referral program request parameters to gain unlimited referral bonuses
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into referral tracking databases
C) Attackers brute-force referral program coupon codes
D) Attackers use JavaScript to change referral program expiration dates
✅ Answer: A) Attackers modify referral program request parameters to gain unlimited referral bonuses
💡 Explanation: Some referral systems fail to validate unique referrals, allowing attackers to exploit them by modifying referral parameters.
198. What is “Cart Abandonment Bot Abuse” in e-commerce fraud?
A) Attackers use bots to create and abandon carts repeatedly to manipulate inventory levels and pricing strategies
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into cart management databases
C) Attackers brute-force coupon codes to apply discounts
D) Attackers use JavaScript to manipulate cart expiration times
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use bots to create and abandon carts repeatedly to manipulate inventory levels and pricing strategies
💡 Explanation: Some retailers offer incentives for abandoned carts, and attackers exploit this by automating cart creation and abandonment to trigger discounts.
199. How does “Multi-Step Form Abuse” exploit user input validation flaws?
A) Attackers bypass required fields or validation checks by submitting forms in an unexpected sequence
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into form submission databases
C) Attackers brute-force form validation tokens
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify HTML form elements
✅ Answer: A) Attackers bypass required fields or validation checks by submitting forms in an unexpected sequence
💡 Explanation: Some applications fail to enforce validation across all steps, allowing attackers to skip security checks by manipulating form submission order.
200. What is “Inventory Stockpile Attack” in online retail platforms?
A) Attackers add large quantities of limited-stock items to carts without purchasing, preventing real customers from buying them
B) Attackers inject SQL queries into inventory management systems
C) Attackers brute-force warehouse tracking numbers
D) Attackers use JavaScript to modify product availability statuses
✅ Answer: A) Attackers add large quantities of limited-stock items to carts without purchasing, preventing real customers from buying them
💡 Explanation: Some e-commerce platforms do not enforce purchase limits until checkout, allowing attackers to hoard items in carts and disrupt supply.