Cybersecurity MCQs

OWASP Top 10 Security Risks

Test your knowledge of the OWASP Top 10 vulnerabilities and their mitigation strategies.

SQL Injection (SQLi) Attacks and Prevention

Assess your understanding of SQL Injection techniques, exploitation methods, and secure coding practices.

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) – Stored, Reflected & DOM-based

Learn the differences between Stored, Reflected, and DOM-based XSS, their impact, and prevention techniques.

Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) – Attack and Defense

Explore how CSRF attacks exploit user authentication and ways to prevent them.

Security Misconfigurations – Are You Vulnerable?

Identify common security misconfigurations in web applications and how to fix them.

Clickjacking Attacks – Invisible Threats

Understand how Clickjacking attacks work and methods to protect web applications from them.

File Upload Vulnerabilities – Exploiting & Securing

Evaluate the risks of insecure file upload features and how attackers abuse them.

Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) – Access Control Weaknesses

Learn about IDOR vulnerabilities, real-world exploits, and mitigation techniques.

Remote Code Execution (RCE) – The Ultimate Web Exploit

Explore how RCE vulnerabilities allow attackers to gain full control over web servers.

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) – Bypassing Network Security

Understand SSRF attacks and how they can be exploited to access internal networks.

Business Logic Vulnerabilities – Breaking the Rules

Analyze how attackers manipulate business logic flaws to gain unfair advantages.

HTTP Response Splitting – The Hidden Injection Attack

Learn about HTTP response splitting and how it leads to severe security issues.

Weak Session Management – Session Hijacking & Fixes

Discover how weak session management leads to session hijacking, fixation, and replay attacks.

Open Redirect Vulnerability – Redirecting Users to Malicious Sites

Test your knowledge on Open Redirect flaws and how attackers exploit them.

Subdomain Takeover – Hijacking an Organization’s Subdomains

Learn how subdomain takeovers occur and their impact on web security.

Insufficient Transport Layer Security – Insecure HTTPS

Understand how attackers exploit weak HTTPS configurations and TLS vulnerabilities.

Broken Access Control – Are Your Permissions Secure?

Explore different ways access control failures can expose sensitive data or allow unauthorized actions.

Clickjacking Variants – Bypassing X-Frame-Options

Learn how attackers bypass Clickjacking defenses and exploit UI vulnerabilities.

HTTP Host Header Injection – Manipulating Server Requests

Understand HTTP Host Header Injection, its risks, and how to mitigate it.

XML External Entity (XXE) Injection – Exploiting XML Parsers

Test your understanding of XXE attacks and how they lead to sensitive data exposure.

Insecure API Endpoints – API Security Challenges

Assess your knowledge of API security risks, including Broken Authentication, Rate Limiting, and CORS issues.

Authentication Bypass Techniques – Cracking Weak Login Systems

Learn about different ways authentication mechanisms are bypassed by attackers.

Improper Error Handling – Information Disclosure Risks

See how verbose error messages can reveal sensitive application details.

WebSockets Security – Exploiting Real-Time Communication

Understand the security concerns of WebSockets and how attackers exploit them.

JavaScript Injection – Executing Malicious Scripts

Test your knowledge of JavaScript injection attacks and their real-world impacts.

Cloud Security Fundamentals – Understanding the Basics

Test your knowledge of cloud computing models (IaaS, PaaS, SaaS), shared responsibility model, and security risks.

Identity and Access Management (IAM) in Cloud – Controlling Access

Assess your understanding of IAM roles, permissions, least privilege access, and authentication mechanisms in cloud environments.

Cloud Security Threats – Common Attack Vectors

Learn about data breaches, misconfigurations, insider threats, insecure APIs, and cloud-based malware.

AWS Security Best Practices – Securing AWS Environments

Test your knowledge of AWS security services like AWS IAM, Security Groups, VPC, CloudTrail, and GuardDuty.

Azure Security – Protecting Microsoft Cloud Services

Assess your knowledge of Azure Active Directory (AAD), Microsoft Defender for Cloud, and Azure Key Vault.

Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Security – Strengthening GCP Environments

Learn about Google Cloud IAM, Cloud Armor, Cloud Security Scanner, and encryption in GCP.

Cloud Misconfigurations – The #1 Security Risk

Understand how misconfigured storage buckets, security groups, IAM roles, and firewall rules can expose cloud environments.

Serverless Security – Protecting Cloud Functions & Lambda

Explore the risks and security measures for AWS Lambda, Google Cloud Functions, and Azure Functions.

Kubernetes & Container Security – Securing Cloud Workloads

Test your knowledge of Kubernetes security risks, container escapes, RBAC misconfigurations, and runtime security.

Cloud Penetration Testing – Assessing Cloud Security

Learn about cloud penetration testing techniques, legal aspects, and security testing tools like Pacu, ScoutSuite, and Prowler.

Securing Cloud Storage – Protecting S3, Blob, and Buckets

Understand how attackers exploit open S3 buckets, insecure Azure Blob Storage, and GCP buckets.

Cloud Data Encryption – Protecting Sensitive Information

Assess your knowledge of data encryption at rest, in transit, and encryption key management in the cloud.

API Security in Cloud – Preventing API Attacks

Learn about API security vulnerabilities, authentication mechanisms (OAuth, JWT, API keys), and best practices.

Zero Trust Security Model – Cloud Security Beyond Perimeters

Explore the Zero Trust security approach, micro-segmentation, and continuous authentication in cloud security.

Multi-Cloud Security – Managing Security Across Multiple Providers

Test your ability to secure multi-cloud environments across AWS, Azure, and GCP.

Cloud Logging & Monitoring – Detecting Threats in Real-Time

Understand the role of AWS CloudWatch, Azure Monitor, and GCP Cloud Logging in threat detection and response.

Cloud Compliance & Regulatory Requirements

• Assess your knowledge of GDPR, HIPAA, PCI-DSS, FedRAMP, and other cloud security compliance frameworks.

Cloud DDoS Protection – Defending Against Large-Scale Attacks

• Learn how AWS Shield, Azure DDoS Protection, and GCP Armor help mitigate DDoS attacks.

Insider Threats in Cloud – Detecting & Preventing Internal Risks

• Explore how insider threats impact cloud security and how to prevent privilege misuse.

Cloud Forensics & Incident Response

• Learn about cloud log analysis, digital forensics techniques, and incident response strategies.

Cloud IAM Misconfigurations – The Hidden Security Risk

• Understand how weak IAM policies, excessive permissions, and misconfigured roles expose cloud environments.

Cloud Workload Security – Protecting Virtual Machines & Instances

• Test your knowledge of securing EC2 instances, Azure VMs, and Google Compute Engine.

Supply Chain Attacks in Cloud – How Attackers Compromise Cloud Services

• Learn about cloud-based supply chain attacks, dependency vulnerabilities, and secure software supply chain best practices.

CI/CD Security in Cloud – Protecting DevOps Pipelines

• Assess your knowledge of securing Jenkins, GitHub Actions, GitLab CI/CD, and AWS CodePipeline.

25. Cloud Ransomware Attacks – Understanding the Emerging Threat

• Learn about cloud ransomware attack vectors, mitigation strategies, and data recovery best practices.

Introduction to Cybersecurity Laws – Why They Matter

Test your knowledge of cyber laws, regulatory bodies, and legal implications of cybercrimes.

General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) – Privacy & Compliance

Learn about GDPR principles, user rights, penalties, and compliance best practices.

HIPAA Compliance – Protecting Healthcare Data

Assess your understanding of HIPAA security and privacy rules for healthcare organizations.

Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) – Securing Payment Data

Test your knowledge of PCI DSS requirements, cardholder data security, and compliance best practices.

NIST Cybersecurity Framework – Managing Security Risks

Learn about NIST CSF’s core functions: Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, Recover.

ISO/IEC 27001 – Information Security Management System (ISMS)

Explore the ISO 27001 standard, risk management, and certification process.

SOC 2 Compliance – Ensuring Secure Cloud Services

Test your knowledge of SOC 2 Trust Service Criteria: Security, Availability, Processing Integrity, Confidentiality, and Privacy.

CCPA (California Consumer Privacy Act) – Data Protection in the U.S.

Learn about CCPA compliance, consumer rights, and differences from GDPR.

FedRAMP – Cloud Security Compliance for Government Agencies

Assess your understanding of FedRAMP’s authorization process and security controls.

Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) – Securing Defense Contractors

Explore how CMMC ensures cybersecurity standards for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) contractors.

Financial Cybersecurity Regulations – Protecting Banking & FinTech

Test your knowledge of FFIEC, GLBA, and cybersecurity regulations for financial institutions.

The Computer Fraud and Abuse Act (CFAA) – U.S. Cybercrime Law

Learn about CFAA’s legal framework for prosecuting cybercriminal activities.

The Electronic Communications Privacy Act (ECPA) – Digital Privacy Laws

Explore how ECPA protects electronic communications and limits government surveillance.

The Cybersecurity Information Sharing Act (CISA) – Encouraging Threat Intelligence Sharing

Assess your knowledge of CISA’s role in cybersecurity collaboration and threat sharing.

Data Breach Notification Laws – Reporting Security Incidents

Learn about mandatory breach notification requirements in GDPR, CCPA, and global regulations.

Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act (COPPA) – Protecting Minors Online

Test your understanding of how COPPA regulates online services for children under 13.

The Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) – Cybersecurity & Copyright Issues

Explore DMCA’s role in protecting digital content and anti-circumvention laws.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act (SOX) – Corporate Cybersecurity & Fraud Prevention

Assess your knowledge of how SOX compliance enforces financial data protection.

International Cybersecurity Laws – A Global Perspective

Learn about cyber laws in the EU, U.S., China, India, and other countries.

Cloud Security Compliance – Meeting Regulatory Requirements

Test your knowledge of cloud security regulations for AWS, Azure, and GCP.

Cyber Insurance – Understanding Coverage for Security Incidents

Explore how cyber insurance policies cover data breaches, ransomware attacks, and compliance failures.

Incident Response & Legal Obligations – What Companies Must Do

Assess your understanding of legal requirements for handling cyber incidents and data breaches.

Cybercrime Investigations – Legal & Forensic Considerations

Learn about digital forensics, evidence collection, and prosecuting cybercrimes.

AI & Cybersecurity Regulations – The Future of Cyber Laws

Test your knowledge of how AI security regulations are evolving.

Ethical Hacking & Legal Boundaries – What’s Allowed & What’s Not?

Explore the legality of penetration testing, bug bounty programs, and ethical hacking.

Secure Coding Fundamentals – Writing Hacker-Proof Code

Test your knowledge of secure coding principles, best practices, and secure software development life cycle (SDLC).

OWASP Secure Coding Practices – Avoiding the Top Risks

Learn about secure coding techniques based on OWASP guidelines to prevent common vulnerabilities.

Input Validation & Sanitization – Stopping Injection Attacks

Assess your understanding of secure input handling to prevent SQL Injection, XSS, and Command Injection.

Secure API Development – Protecting Web & Mobile APIs

Test your knowledge of API authentication (OAuth, JWT), rate limiting, and secure API design.

SQL Injection Prevention – Writing Secure Database Queries

Learn about prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping user input to prevent SQLi.

Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Prevention – Securing Frontend & Backend Code

Explore how to prevent Stored, Reflected, and DOM-based XSS using Content Security Policy (CSP).

Secure Authentication Mechanisms – Passwords, MFA & Beyond

Assess your knowledge of secure password storage (bcrypt, Argon2), MFA, and session management.

Secure Session Management – Avoiding Hijacking & Fixation

Test your understanding of secure cookie handling, session expiration, and token revocation.

Secure File Uploads – Preventing File-Based Attacks

Learn about secure file handling, MIME type validation, and sandboxing file uploads.

Cryptography for Developers – Implementing Secure Encryption

Explore symmetric vs. asymmetric encryption, hashing, and best practices for key management.

Secure Logging & Error Handling – Avoiding Information Disclosure

Test your knowledge of how to securely log errors and handle exceptions without exposing sensitive data.

Secure DevOps & CI/CD – Integrating Security into Development

Learn how DevSecOps automates security in Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment pipelines.

Buffer Overflow Protection – Writing Memory-Safe Code

Assess your understanding of stack-based and heap-based buffer overflow vulnerabilities.

Secure Mobile App Development – Android & iOS Security

Explore secure coding practices for mobile apps, including secure storage and API security.

Secure Software Supply Chain – Preventing Dependency Attacks

Test your knowledge of securing open-source dependencies, dependency scanning, and package signing.

Secure Coding in JavaScript – Avoiding Common Web Vulnerabilities

Learn about XSS, CSRF, Prototype Pollution, and secure JavaScript coding best practices.

Secure Coding in Python – Writing Robust & Secure Applications

Assess your knowledge of Python security best practices, input validation, and secure libraries.

Secure Coding in Java – Preventing Java-Specific Security Flaws

Test your understanding of Java security risks, deserialization attacks, and secure coding principles.

Secure Coding in C/C++ – Protecting Against Memory Exploits

Learn about memory corruption vulnerabilities, stack smashing, and secure C/C++ coding.

Web Security Headers – Strengthening HTTP Responses

Explore HTTP security headers like CSP, HSTS, and X-Frame-Options to protect web applications.

Secure Software Architecture – Designing Resilient Applications

Test your knowledge of threat modeling, secure design patterns, and architectural best practices.

Static & Dynamic Application Security Testing (SAST & DAST)

Learn how automated tools scan for vulnerabilities in source code and running applications.

Insecure Deserialization – Exploiting & Preventing Object Injection

Assess your understanding of how attackers exploit deserialization vulnerabilities and how to prevent them.

Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF) Prevention – Blocking Server-Side Exploits

Test your knowledge of how to prevent SSRF vulnerabilities using allowlists and network segmentation.

Secure Cloud-Native Development – Protecting Serverless & Microservices

Explore security best practices for cloud-native applications, including Kubernetes and AWS Lambda security.

Mobile Security Fundamentals – Understanding Smartphone Threats

Test your knowledge of mobile security principles, attack vectors, and security challenges.

Android Security – Protecting the World’s Most Popular OS

Learn about Android security features, sandboxing, app permissions, and common vulnerabilities.

iOS Security – How Apple Secures Its Ecosystem

Assess your understanding of iOS security architecture, sandboxing, and security measures.

Mobile Malware – How Hackers Exploit Smartphones

Test your knowledge of mobile-specific malware like banking trojans, spyware, and ransomware.

Mobile Application Security – Securing Android & iOS Apps

Learn about app security flaws, insecure API usage, and best practices for mobile app development.

Mobile Phishing Attacks – Smishing & Fake Apps

Explore how attackers use SMS-based phishing (smishing) and malicious apps to steal data.

Mobile Device Management (MDM) Security – Enterprise Mobile Protection

Test your understanding of MDM security, corporate mobile security policies, and remote device management.

Mobile App Reverse Engineering – Dissecting Mobile Applications

Learn about reverse engineering tools like APKTool, JADX, Frida, and dynamic analysis techniques.

Jailbreaking & Rooting – Risks of Bypassing Security

Assess your knowledge of how jailbreaking (iOS) and rooting (Android) expose devices to threats.

Mobile Ransomware – Encrypting Phones for Ransom

Test your understanding of how mobile ransomware works and how to defend against it.

Mobile Data Privacy – Securing Personal & Corporate Information

Learn how data privacy is compromised through tracking, permissions abuse, and hidden analytics.

Mobile Cryptography – Securing Data on Smartphones

Explore how encryption, TLS, and secure storage protect sensitive mobile data.

Insecure Mobile API Attacks – Exploiting Backend Connections

Test your knowledge of broken authentication, weak API keys, and insecure API endpoints in mobile apps.

Mobile Wi-Fi & Bluetooth Security – Avoiding Network Attacks

Learn about how attackers exploit public Wi-Fi, Bluetooth vulnerabilities, and rogue access points.

Side-Loading & Untrusted App Sources – Risks of Third-Party Stores

Assess your understanding of how downloading apps from untrusted sources exposes users to malware.

Mobile Payment Security – Protecting Digital Wallets & NFC Transactions

Test your knowledge of how Apple Pay, Google Pay, and contactless payments are secured.

Mobile Ad Fraud & Malvertising – Hidden Threats in Ads

Learn about how attackers use mobile ads for click fraud, malware injection, and data harvesting.

Mobile Keylogging & Screen Recording Attacks

Explore how attackers use spyware and keyloggers to record user inputs and steal credentials.

Biometric Security – Fingerprint & Face Recognition Attacks

Test your understanding of how biometric authentication can be bypassed through spoofing attacks.

Mobile Security Testing – Manual & Automated Approaches

Learn about static and dynamic security testing tools like MobSF, Drozer, and Burp Suite Mobile.

SMS & Voicemail Exploits – Attacking Communication Channels

Explore how attackers manipulate SMS, voicemail, and SIM swapping to take over accounts.

Mobile IoT Security – Protecting Wearables & Smart Devices

Test your knowledge of how mobile-connected devices (smartwatches, fitness trackers) are exploited.

Mobile Security Frameworks & Compliance – Meeting Industry Standards

Learn about mobile security frameworks like OWASP MASVS and compliance standards like GDPR & PCI DSS.

Mobile Spyware & Stalkerware – The Hidden Surveillance Threat

Assess your understanding of how spyware apps secretly track user activity and collect sensitive data.

Future of Mobile Security – AI, Quantum Security, & Emerging Threats

Explore how AI-driven mobile security, quantum cryptography, and future mobile threats are evolving.

Network Security Fundamentals – Basics & Best Practices

Test your knowledge of network security principles, layers, and defense strategies.

Firewalls & Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS/IPS) – First Line of Defense

Understand how firewalls and IDS/IPS work, their types, and configuration best practices.

Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) – Securing Remote Access

Assess your knowledge of VPN technologies, tunneling protocols, and encryption methods.

Network Scanning & Enumeration – Identifying Vulnerabilities

Learn about network reconnaissance techniques using Nmap, Netcat, and other tools.

Secure Socket Layer (SSL) & Transport Layer Security (TLS) – Encryption & Security

Test your understanding of SSL/TLS encryption, certificates, and common vulnerabilities like TLS downgrade attacks.

Wireless Security – Protecting Wi-Fi Networks

Evaluate risks related to Wi-Fi encryption (WEP, WPA, WPA2, WPA3), Rogue APs, and Evil Twin attacks.

Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) Attacks – Intercepting Communications

Learn how attackers use MITM attacks to eavesdrop, modify, and inject malicious data.

ARP Spoofing & DNS Poisoning – Hijacking Network Traffic

Explore how attackers manipulate ARP tables and DNS caches to redirect users.

Denial of Service (DoS) & Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks

Understand DoS/DDoS techniques, including SYN floods, UDP amplification, and botnet attacks.

Packet Sniffing & Network Traffic Analysis

Learn how attackers use Wireshark, Tcpdump, and network analyzers to capture and inspect packets.

VLAN Hopping & Network Segmentation Attacks

Assess your knowledge of VLAN security, double tagging, and switch spoofing.

Secure Network Architectures – Designing a Hacker-Proof Network

Learn about network segmentation, Zero Trust models, and micro-segmentation strategies.

Common Network Attacks & Exploits

Test your knowledge of Replay Attacks, Smurf Attacks, TCP/IP hijacking, and Land Attacks.

TCP/IP Security – How Hackers Exploit Network Protocols

• Understand vulnerabilities in TCP/IP stacks, including IP Spoofing and Sequence Prediction Attacks.

DNS Security – Protecting Against DNS-based Attacks

Learn about DNS Tunneling, DNS Spoofing, and DNSSEC implementation.

Wireless Hacking & Evil Twin Attacks

Explore Wi-Fi cracking techniques like WPS brute force, deauthentication attacks, and fake access points.

Network Pentesting – Tools & Techniques

Test your knowledge of network penetration testing methodologies and tools.

Secure Network Protocols – SSH, SFTP, SNMP, and More

Learn the importance of secure network communication protocols and how to protect them.

Botnets & Command-and-Control (C2) Servers

Understand how botnets are used in cyber attacks, their lifecycle, and mitigation strategies.

802.1X & Network Access Control (NAC)

Assess your knowledge of RADIUS, TACACS+, and secure authentication methods.

IPv6 Security Challenges & Exploits

Learn about IPv6 vulnerabilities, tunneling attacks, and mitigation techniques.

Network Security Monitoring & Incident Response

Test your understanding of log analysis, network forensics, and intrusion detection.

BGP Hijacking & Routing Attacks

Explore the risks of BGP route manipulation and IP prefix hijacking.

Web Proxy Attacks & Security Risks

Learn how proxies can be exploited for data interception and anonymity.

Secure Network Configuration – Hardening Routers & Switches

Assess your knowledge of network device security, ACLs, and port security best practices.

Cryptography Fundamentals – Understanding the Basics

Test your knowledge of encryption, hashing, digital signatures, and cryptographic principles.

Symmetric vs. Asymmetric Encryption – Key Differences

Learn the differences between symmetric (AES, DES) and asymmetric (RSA, ECC) encryption.

Hashing Algorithms – Securing Data Integrity

Assess your understanding of MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, bcrypt, and PBKDF2.

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) – Digital Certificates & Trust

Explore the role of PKI, SSL/TLS certificates, and certificate authorities (CA).

Digital Signatures – Authenticating Data & Documents

Test your knowledge of how digital signatures work and their role in cybersecurity.

Secure Communication Protocols – SSL/TLS, SSH, and PGP

Learn about secure communication protocols and how they protect data in transit.

Password Hashing & Salting – Protecting Credentials

Explore best practices for storing and securing passwords using strong hashing algorithms.

Cryptographic Attacks – Breaking Encryption & Hashing

Test your understanding of brute force, birthday attacks, rainbow tables, and side-channel attacks.

AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) – The Gold Standard

Learn how AES encryption works, key sizes, and its security strengths.

RSA Encryption – How Public & Private Keys Work

Explore how RSA encryption is used in cryptographic security.

Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) – A Modern Encryption Approach

Assess your knowledge of ECC and why it’s preferred over RSA in modern cryptography.

Steganography – Hiding Data in Plain Sight

Learn about image steganography, audio steganography, and detecting hidden messages.

Quantum Cryptography – The Future of Secure Communication

Test your knowledge of quantum key distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptography.

Blockchain & Cryptography – The Role of Encryption in Bitcoin & Ethereum

Explore how cryptography powers blockchain security, hashing, and smart contracts.

Cryptographic Key Management – Best Practices & Risks

Learn about key generation, storage, rotation, and protection against key leakage.

Diffie-Hellman Key Exchange – Securely Sharing Keys

Assess your understanding of Diffie-Hellman’s role in establishing secure communication.

Digital Rights Management (DRM) – Protecting Intellectual Property

Learn how DRM encryption is used to protect digital content from piracy.

Homomorphic Encryption – Computing on Encrypted Data

Test your knowledge of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) and its applications.

Cryptanalysis Techniques – Breaking Encrypted Data

Explore known-plaintext attacks, differential cryptanalysis, and side-channel attacks.

Kerberos Authentication Protocol – Secure Authentication in Networks

Learn how Kerberos works in secure authentication for enterprise networks.

Zero-Knowledge Proofs – Verifying Without Revealing

Understand how zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs) enable privacy-focused authentication.

Message Authentication Codes (MACs) – Integrity & Authentication

Assess your knowledge of HMAC, CBC-MAC, and how they verify data integrity.

Encrypted Messaging – Securing Conversations with End-to-End Encryption

Learn how Signal, WhatsApp, and other messaging apps use encryption for security.

Random Number Generation (RNG) in Cryptography – True vs. Pseudo-Random

Test your knowledge of cryptographically secure random number generators (CSPRNGs).

Cryptography in Cloud Security – Protecting Data at Rest & In Transit

Explore how cryptographic techniques secure cloud storage, APIs, and data encryption in AWS, Azure, and GCP.

Digital Forensics Fundamentals – Understanding Cyber Investigations

Test your knowledge of digital forensics principles, processes, and forensic evidence handling.

Incident Response Frameworks – Managing Security Incidents

Learn about NIST, SANS, and ISO incident response models and best practices.

Evidence Collection & Chain of Custody – Ensuring Legal Integrity

Explore how forensic evidence is collected, preserved, and documented.

Disk Forensics – Investigating Hard Drives & File Systems

Assess your understanding of file system analysis, deleted file recovery, and forensic imaging.

Memory Forensics – Analyzing Volatile Data

Test your knowledge of RAM forensics, process analysis, and Volatility Framework usage.

Network Forensics – Tracking Cyber Threats in Traffic

Learn about packet analysis, NetFlow, intrusion detection, and network logs.

Log Analysis & SIEM – Detecting Cyber Attacks

Explore how SIEM tools (Splunk, ELK, Graylog) are used for log analysis and threat hunting.

Malware Forensics – Investigating Malicious Code

Assess your understanding of static & dynamic malware analysis, sandboxing, and YARA rules.

Mobile Forensics – Extracting Data from Smartphones

Test your knowledge of iOS and Android forensic tools, app analysis, and deleted data recovery.

Cloud Forensics – Investigating Cyber Crimes in the Cloud

Learn about forensic techniques for AWS, Azure, GCP, and SaaS applications.

Email Forensics – Analyzing Phishing & Fraudulent Emails

Explore how email headers, metadata, and attachments are analyzed in forensic investigations.

Insider Threat Investigations – Detecting Internal Cyber Risks

Test your ability to identify employee-based threats using forensic techniques.

Digital Evidence Presentation – Courtroom & Legal Considerations

Learn how forensic investigators document and present findings in legal cases.

Ransomware Incident Response – Handling an Active Attack

Assess your knowledge of ransomware detection, response, and decryption tools.

IoT Forensics – Investigating Smart Devices

Explore forensic techniques for IoT devices, smart homes, and industrial control systems.

Dark Web Investigations – Tracking Criminal Activities Online

Test your understanding of TOR network investigations, cryptocurrency tracking, and darknet marketplaces.

Web Application Forensics – Investigating Web-Based Attacks

Learn about how forensic investigators analyze SQLi, XSS, and CSRF attacks.

Social Media Forensics – Tracing Digital Footprints

Explore how digital forensics is applied to Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and LinkedIn investigations.

USB & External Drive Forensics – Investigating Portable Devices

Assess your knowledge of how forensic tools recover deleted files from USB drives and SD cards.

File Metadata Analysis – Extracting Hidden Information

Test your ability to analyze EXIF data, timestamps, and file signatures for forensic investigations.

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) – Predicting and Preventing Attacks

Learn about how threat intelligence feeds, IOCs, and TTPs help detect cyber threats.

Digital Forensics in Cybercrime Cases – Real-World Investigations

Explore high-profile cybercrime cases and how digital forensics played a role.

Mobile Device Geolocation & Tracking – Forensic Techniques

Test your knowledge of GPS forensics, geolocation analysis, and cell tower tracking.

Automating Incident Response – AI & Machine Learning in DFIR

Learn how AI-driven tools automate forensic analysis and cyber incident response.

Disaster Recovery & Business Continuity – Cyber Resilience Strategies

Assess your understanding of disaster recovery planning and business continuity after cyber incidents.

Social Engineering Fundamentals – The Art of Deception

Test your knowledge of social engineering tactics, psychological manipulation, and human hacking techniques.

Phishing Attacks – How Hackers Trick Users Online

Learn about phishing emails, spear phishing, and business email compromise (BEC) scams.

Vishing & Smishing – Exploiting Phone & SMS Communication

Assess your understanding of voice phishing (vishing) and SMS-based phishing (smishing) attacks.

Pretexting – Creating False Identities for Cyber Attacks

Test your knowledge of how attackers use fake stories to extract information from targets.

Baiting & Quid Pro Quo – The Lure of Social Engineering

Explore how attackers offer “free” services, gifts, or rewards to gain access to sensitive information.

Tailgating & Piggybacking – Bypassing Physical Security

Learn how social engineers gain unauthorized access to buildings and restricted areas.

Business Email Compromise (BEC) – CEO Fraud & Wire Transfer Scams

Test your understanding of how attackers impersonate executives to defraud companies.

Deepfake & AI-Powered Social Engineering Attacks

Explore how deepfake technology is used for cybercrime, fraud, and misinformation.

Social Engineering in Red Team Exercises – Simulating Attacks

Learn about how penetration testers use social engineering to test an organization’s security.

Dumpster Diving – Finding Sensitive Information in the Trash

Assess your knowledge of how attackers retrieve valuable data from discarded documents and devices.

Social Media Exploitation – How Hackers Use Online Profiles

Test your understanding of how attackers gather intelligence from LinkedIn, Facebook, and Twitter.

Psychological Triggers in Social Engineering – Understanding Human Weaknesses

Learn about the six principles of influence (reciprocity, authority, scarcity, etc.) used by attackers.

Social Engineering Attack Case Studies – Real-World Cyber Scams

Explore famous social engineering attacks like the Target Data Breach, Twitter Hack, and Google/FB Wire Fraud.

Security Awareness Training – Educating Employees Against Social Engineering

Test your knowledge of how security training programs help employees recognize and avoid attacks.

Impersonation Attacks – Pretending to be Someone Else

Learn about how attackers impersonate IT support, government officials, and law enforcement to gain access.

Rogue USB & Hardware Attacks – Exploiting Curiosity

Assess your understanding of how attackers use malicious USB drives, keyloggers, and hardware exploits.

Insider Threats – When Employees Become Attackers

Explore how disgruntled employees or negligent insiders pose cybersecurity risks.

Social Engineering in Physical Security – Penetrating Buildings & Offices

Learn about how attackers bypass security guards, locks, and surveillance systems.

Reverse Social Engineering – When Attackers Make Victims Contact Them

Test your knowledge of how hackers manipulate targets into initiating contact.

Malvertising & Fake Tech Support Scams

Explore how attackers use online ads and fake tech support to exploit victims.

Social Engineering in Cyber Espionage – Nation-State Attacks

Learn how government-backed hackers use social engineering to target businesses and politicians.

Fake Job Scams & Recruitment-Based Attacks

Assess your understanding of how attackers use fake job offers to steal personal information.

Romance Scams & Online Dating Exploits

Test your knowledge of how cybercriminals manipulate victims through emotional scams.

Mitigating Social Engineering Attacks – Defense Strategies

Learn about email filtering, caller verification, multi-factor authentication, and training.

Future of Social Engineering – AI, Automation, and Deepfake Scams

Explore how emerging technology is making social engineering more dangerous and sophisticated.

Blockchain Security Fundamentals – Understanding the Basics

Test your knowledge of how blockchain works, its security mechanisms, and common threats.

Cryptocurrency Security – Protecting Digital Assets

Learn about wallet security, private key management, and how to prevent cryptocurrency theft.

Smart Contract Security – Preventing Ethereum & Solidity Exploits

Assess your understanding of smart contract vulnerabilities like reentrancy, integer overflow, and access control flaws.

51% Attacks – How Blockchain Networks Can Be Hijacked

Test your knowledge of how attackers gain majority control in Proof-of-Work (PoW) blockchains.

Cryptographic Hash Functions in Blockchain – Ensuring Data Integrity

Learn about SHA-256, Keccak, and how hashing secures blockchain transactions.

Public vs. Private Blockchains – Security Differences

Explore the security advantages and risks of public, private, and hybrid blockchains.

Decentralized Finance (DeFi) Security – Protecting DeFi Protocols

Test your understanding of DeFi hacks, flash loan attacks, and rug pulls.

Wallet Security – Hot Wallets vs. Cold Wallets

Learn about how cryptocurrency wallets store private keys and how to secure them.

Phishing & Social Engineering Attacks on Crypto Users

Assess your knowledge of how hackers trick users into giving away their cryptocurrency.

Private Key & Seed Phrase Security – Avoiding Key Compromise

Test your understanding of how attackers steal private keys and how to securely store them.

Blockchain Consensus Mechanisms – How Transactions Are Secured

Learn about Proof-of-Work (PoW), Proof-of-Stake (PoS), and other consensus models.

Smart Contract Auditing – Detecting Vulnerabilities in Code

Explore how security experts audit Solidity contracts for security flaws.

Sybil Attacks – Exploiting Blockchain Identity Systems

Test your knowledge of how attackers create fake identities to manipulate networks.

Double Spending Attacks – How to Cheat the System

Learn how attackers attempt to spend the same cryptocurrency twice and how blockchains prevent it.

Cross-Chain Security – Risks in Interoperable Blockchains

Explore how cross-chain bridges can be hacked and how to secure them.

Node Security – Protecting Blockchain Nodes from Attacks

Test your knowledge of how blockchain nodes are targeted and secured.

Flash Loan Attacks – How DeFi Hackers Steal Millions

Learn how flash loan exploits allow attackers to manipulate DeFi protocols.

Ransomware & Cryptocurrency – The Dark Side of Blockchain

Assess your understanding of how ransomware groups use Bitcoin and Monero for extortion.

Front-Running Attacks – Exploiting Blockchain Transactions

Test your knowledge of how attackers manipulate pending transactions to profit.

Smart Contract Reentrancy Attacks – Ethereum’s Biggest Flaw

Learn about how reentrancy bugs allow attackers to drain funds from smart contracts.

Cryptocurrency Exchange Security – Preventing Hacks

Explore how exchanges are hacked and what security measures they implement.

Quantum Computing & Blockchain Security – Future Threats

Test your understanding of how quantum computing could break blockchain encryption.

Blockchain Privacy Coins – Are Monero & Zcash Really Private?

Learn about how privacy coins protect transactions and how they are traced.

DAO Security – Governance Risks in Decentralized Organizations

Assess your knowledge of Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO) vulnerabilities.

NFT Security – Protecting Digital Art & Collectibles

Explore how NFT scams, smart contract vulnerabilities, and IP rights impact security.