1. What is HTTP Host Header Injection?
A) Injecting malicious JavaScript into a webpage
B) Manipulating the Host header to exploit vulnerabilities in a web application
C) Using SQL injection to manipulate database queries
D) Exploiting weak passwords to gain unauthorized access
✅ Answer: B) Manipulating the Host header to exploit vulnerabilities in a web application
Explanation: HTTP Host Header Injection occurs when an attacker modifies the Host header in HTTP requests to manipulate server-side behavior, often leading to security flaws such as cache poisoning, SSRF, or bypassing security mechanisms.
2. What is the primary function of the HTTP Host header?
A) Identifies the client making the request
B) Specifies the domain name of the server to which the request is sent
C) Encrypts HTTP communication between client and server
D) Authenticates the user for accessing restricted content
✅ Answer: B) Specifies the domain name of the server to which the request is sent
Explanation: The HTTP Host header specifies the domain name that the client wants to access. It is crucial for virtual hosting, where multiple domains are hosted on the same server.
3. How can an attacker exploit a vulnerable application using Host Header Injection?
A) By altering the Host header to redirect users to a malicious website
B) By injecting SQL queries into the Host header
C) By modifying session cookies
D) By disabling HTTPS encryption
✅ Answer: A) By altering the Host header to redirect users to a malicious website
Explanation: An attacker can manipulate the Host header to deceive the application into generating insecure links or redirects, leading users to a phishing or malicious site.
4. Which attack vector is closely associated with Host Header Injection?
A) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
B) Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
C) Local File Inclusion (LFI)
D) Buffer Overflow
✅ Answer: B) Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Explanation: Host Header Injection can be used to manipulate internal server requests, leading to SSRF attacks, where the attacker tricks the server into making unintended requests.
5. What is a common sign of an application being vulnerable to Host Header Injection?
A) It accepts unvalidated user input in the URL
B) It reflects back arbitrary input in the response headers
C) It relies on the Host header for security-critical operations
D) It uses weak password policies
✅ Answer: C) It relies on the Host header for security-critical operations
Explanation: If an application trusts and processes the Host header for security-sensitive tasks (such as generating password reset links), it can be vulnerable to injection attacks.
6. How does cache poisoning via Host Header Injection work?
A) The attacker injects SQL queries to manipulate server caching
B) The attacker modifies the Host header to trick caching mechanisms into storing malicious responses
C) The attacker exploits weak encryption keys
D) The attacker overwrites DNS records with forged IP addresses
✅ Answer: B) The attacker modifies the Host header to trick caching mechanisms into storing malicious responses
Explanation: Host Header Injection can manipulate caching proxies to store incorrect or malicious responses, affecting future users who access the cached content.
7. Which HTTP response header can help mitigate Host Header Injection attacks?
A) Content-Security-Policy
B) X-Frame-Options
C) Strict-Transport-Security
D) Host Authorization
✅ Answer: D) Host Authorization
Explanation: Host Authorization headers or server-side validation of Host headers can prevent unauthorized modifications of the header, reducing the risk of injection attacks.
8. What is the best way to prevent Host Header Injection?
A) Allowing all incoming Host headers without validation
B) Implementing server-side whitelisting of allowed Host headers
C) Using JavaScript validation on the client-side
D) Storing Host headers in local storage
✅ Answer: B) Implementing server-side whitelisting of allowed Host headers
Explanation: Server-side whitelisting ensures that only legitimate Host headers are processed, preventing unauthorized manipulations.
9. Which of the following programming practices increases the risk of Host Header Injection?
A) Using hardcoded domain names in security-sensitive functions
B) Relying on unvalidated user input from HTTP headers
C) Enforcing HTTPS communication only
D) Using secure, randomized session tokens
✅ Answer: B) Relying on unvalidated user input from HTTP headers
Explanation: Applications that blindly trust Host headers can be exploited via Host Header Injection, leading to security risks.
10. What is a real-world impact of a successful Host Header Injection attack?
A) The server crashes immediately
B) Attackers gain access to raw server logs
C) Unauthorized password reset emails are sent to victims with attacker-controlled links
D) The application disables HTTPS
✅ Answer: C) Unauthorized password reset emails are sent to victims with attacker-controlled links
Explanation: If an application generates password reset links using the Host header, an attacker can modify it to send phishing links to users.
11. What HTTP method is most commonly used in Host Header Injection attacks?
A) DELETE
B) POST
C) GET
D) OPTIONS
✅ Answer: C) GET
Explanation: GET requests are commonly used in Host Header Injection attacks because they are often processed without authentication.
12. How can an attacker modify the Host header?
A) Using browser developer tools
B) Using a proxy tool like Burp Suite or OWASP ZAP
C) Editing the source code of the website
D) Changing browser settings
✅ Answer: B) Using a proxy tool like Burp Suite or OWASP ZAP
Explanation: Attackers use interception proxies to modify HTTP headers before they reach the server.
13. Which protocol is most affected by Host Header Injection?
A) FTP
B) SMTP
C) HTTP
D) DNS
✅ Answer: C) HTTP
Explanation: HTTP relies on Host headers for routing requests, making it vulnerable to Host Header Injection.
14. How does HTTPS help mitigate Host Header Injection attacks?
A) By encrypting the entire HTTP request, making it harder to tamper with headers
B) By blocking all modified headers
C) By preventing all forms of injection
D) By rejecting requests from unknown clients
✅ Answer: A) By encrypting the entire HTTP request, making it harder to tamper with headers
Explanation: HTTPS encrypts the request, making MITM attacks and unauthorized header modifications more difficult.
15. Which type of attack can Host Header Injection facilitate?
A) Clickjacking
B) Path Traversal
C) DNS Rebinding
D) SQL Injection
✅ Answer: C) DNS Rebinding
Explanation: Host Header Injection can manipulate how domain names are resolved, leading to DNS rebinding attacks.
16. Which attack can be performed using Host Header Injection?
A) Email Spoofing
B) Virtual Host Confusion
C) Buffer Overflow
D) SQL Injection
✅ Answer: B) Virtual Host Confusion
Explanation: Virtual Host Confusion occurs when an attacker manipulates the Host header to access unintended domains hosted on the same server.
17. What security risk arises when a web server processes the Host header dynamically?
A) Automatic redirection to HTTPS
B) Exposure to domain-based authentication bypass
C) Improved website performance
D) Stronger encryption of network traffic
✅ Answer: B) Exposure to domain-based authentication bypass
Explanation: If authentication mechanisms rely on Host headers, attackers can manipulate them to bypass security checks.
18. How does Host Header Injection affect password reset mechanisms?
A) It allows an attacker to crash the password reset service
B) It enables attackers to receive password reset emails with forged links
C) It exposes hashed passwords in the response
D) It corrupts the user database
✅ Answer: B) It enables attackers to receive password reset emails with forged links
Explanation: If an application constructs password reset links based on the Host header, an attacker can modify it to send phishing links.
19. Which server misconfiguration increases the risk of Host Header Injection?
A) Allowing unrestricted incoming Host headers
B) Disabling content caching
C) Enforcing HTTP Strict Transport Security (HSTS)
D) Using strong password hashing
✅ Answer: A) Allowing unrestricted incoming Host headers
Explanation: If a server does not validate Host headers, attackers can manipulate them to redirect traffic or poison caches.
20. In Host Header Injection, what is “Cache Poisoning”?
A) Modifying HTTP cache responses to serve malicious content
B) Deleting cache logs on the server
C) Injecting malicious JavaScript into cookies
D) Using HTTP headers to inject SQL queries
✅ Answer: A) Modifying HTTP cache responses to serve malicious content
Explanation: An attacker can manipulate the Host header to store malicious responses in a caching system, affecting other users.
21. How can Host Header Injection lead to SSRF (Server-Side Request Forgery)?
A) By tricking the server into making unintended internal requests
B) By executing malicious JavaScript in the user’s browser
C) By injecting payloads into the database
D) By modifying session tokens
✅ Answer: A) By tricking the server into making unintended internal requests
Explanation: If an application makes internal requests based on the Host header, an attacker can manipulate it to access internal resources.
22. What is the impact of Host Header Injection in multi-tenant environments?
A) Attackers can access data from other tenants
B) It improves network security
C) It makes logging more efficient
D) It speeds up database queries
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can access data from other tenants
Explanation: Host Header Injection can confuse multi-tenant applications, potentially exposing data from other customers.
23. What tool can be used to test for Host Header Injection vulnerabilities?
A) Nmap
B) Burp Suite
C) Wireshark
D) Nessus
✅ Answer: B) Burp Suite
Explanation: Burp Suite allows testers to modify HTTP headers, including the Host header, to check for vulnerabilities.
24. What is a simple way to detect Host Header Injection manually?
A) Changing the Host header in an HTTP request and observing the response
B) Viewing HTML source code of a webpage
C) Checking JavaScript console logs
D) Enabling cookies in the browser
✅ Answer: A) Changing the Host header in an HTTP request and observing the response
Explanation: A manual test involves altering the Host header and checking if the application behaves unexpectedly.
25. How does Host Header Injection relate to Open Redirect attacks?
A) It enables attackers to force an application to redirect users to malicious sites
B) It encrypts user credentials before redirecting
C) It triggers automatic logout for all users
D) It allows an application to reset cookies
✅ Answer: A) It enables attackers to force an application to redirect users to malicious sites
Explanation: If an application relies on the Host header for redirection logic, an attacker can exploit it for Open Redirect attacks.
26. What happens when an attacker sets the Host header to “127.0.0.1”?
A) The request is blocked by firewalls
B) The application may process the request as if it came from localhost
C) The server crashes
D) The attack is ineffective because localhost is secured
✅ Answer: B) The application may process the request as if it came from localhost
Explanation: If an application does not validate Host headers properly, an attacker can access internal services using 127.0.0.1.
27. How does HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) mitigate Host Header Injection?
A) It forces HTTPS connections, reducing attack risks
B) It disables all incoming HTTP headers
C) It prevents session fixation attacks
D) It makes the application resistant to buffer overflows
✅ Answer: A) It forces HTTPS connections, reducing attack risks
Explanation: HSTS forces secure connections, reducing the risk of MITM attacks that could modify Host headers.
28. What type of website is most at risk from Host Header Injection?
A) Static HTML websites
B) Websites that generate dynamic links based on the Host header
C) Websites that store passwords in plaintext
D) Websites that use two-factor authentication
✅ Answer: B) Websites that generate dynamic links based on the Host header
Explanation: Websites that generate URLs dynamically using the Host header are vulnerable to redirects, phishing, and injection.
29. How can a Content Delivery Network (CDN) help prevent Host Header Injection?
A) By filtering requests with unexpected Host headers
B) By encrypting all user passwords
C) By disabling logging on the web server
D) By automatically rejecting all HTTP requests
✅ Answer: A) By filtering requests with unexpected Host headers
Explanation: Many CDNs provide request filtering, preventing Host Header Injection attacks.
30. What role does DNS play in Host Header Injection attacks?
A) Attackers can use fake DNS records to manipulate Host headers
B) DNS prevents Host Header Injection
C) DNS encrypts HTTP requests automatically
D) DNS plays no role in Host Header Injection
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can use fake DNS records to manipulate Host headers
Explanation: Attackers can set up fake DNS records to mislead servers using Host headers.
31. Can Host Header Injection be combined with Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)?
A) Yes, to inject malicious JavaScript via altered Host headers
B) No, because Host headers are not part of JavaScript execution
C) No, because Host headers are only processed by servers
D) Yes, but only if the website uses HTTP/2
✅ Answer: A) Yes, to inject malicious JavaScript via altered Host headers
Explanation: Some applications reflect Host headers into responses, leading to Reflected XSS vulnerabilities.
32. What is the purpose of a “canonical” Host header check?
A) To enforce a fixed, valid Host value and reject other requests
B) To improve SEO rankings
C) To compress HTTP headers
D) To log user activity
✅ Answer: A) To enforce a fixed, valid Host value and reject other requests
Explanation: Enforcing a canonical Host header helps prevent manipulation and injection attacks.
33. What happens when an attacker sends a duplicate Host header in a request?
A) The request is automatically rejected
B) The server may use the first or last header inconsistently
C) The request is encrypted before processing
D) The response is returned with a 404 error
✅ Answer: B) The server may use the first or last header inconsistently
Explanation: Some web servers process only the first or last occurrence of the Host header, leading to unexpected behavior and potential security issues.
34. How can attackers use Host Header Injection to evade security mechanisms?
A) By modifying the Host header to bypass access controls
B) By executing JavaScript within the browser
C) By injecting malware into the server
D) By modifying the HTTP status codes
✅ Answer: A) By modifying the Host header to bypass access controls
Explanation: Applications that rely on Host headers for access control decisions can be tricked into allowing unauthorized access.
35. How can DNS rebinding attacks be related to Host Header Injection?
A) Attackers use rebinding to change the resolved IP for a domain, then manipulate the Host header
B) DNS rebinding automatically encrypts all HTTP traffic
C) DNS rebinding blocks untrusted HTTP headers
D) Host Header Injection protects against DNS rebinding attacks
✅ Answer: A) Attackers use rebinding to change the resolved IP for a domain, then manipulate the Host header
Explanation: DNS rebinding allows attackers to control the resolved IP of a domain, potentially making Host Header Injection more effective.
36. How can the X-Forwarded-Host header be abused in Host Header Injection attacks?
A) It can be manipulated to forge requests in applications that trust it
B) It encrypts all headers for secure transmission
C) It prevents attackers from modifying the Host header
D) It forces HTTPS redirection
✅ Answer: A) It can be manipulated to forge requests in applications that trust it
Explanation: Some applications trust the X-Forwarded-Host header, allowing attackers to spoof their requests if proper validation is not in place.
37. Why is logging and monitoring Host headers important for detecting attacks?
A) It helps detect unusual or unauthorized Host header values
B) It prevents XSS attacks
C) It speeds up database queries
D) It prevents SQL injection
✅ Answer: A) It helps detect unusual or unauthorized Host header values
Explanation: Proper logging can help identify Host Header Injection attempts by detecting abnormal Host values.
38. How does a “canonical Host header” configuration improve security?
A) It ensures that only predefined Host headers are allowed
B) It increases network performance
C) It prevents the need for HTTPS encryption
D) It allows users to access any website
✅ Answer: A) It ensures that only predefined Host headers are allowed
Explanation: Setting a canonical Host header helps prevent unauthorized Host header manipulations.
39. How does an attacker perform Host Header Injection in a multi-host environment?
A) By modifying the Host header to impersonate a different domain
B) By modifying HTML source code
C) By encrypting all outbound requests
D) By running SQL commands
✅ Answer: A) By modifying the Host header to impersonate a different domain
Explanation: In a multi-host setup, an attacker can attempt to access different hosted domains by changing the Host header.
40. Why is Host Header Injection a risk in password reset functionalities?
A) Attackers can modify the Host header to generate password reset links pointing to a malicious site
B) It disables multi-factor authentication
C) It encrypts the database
D) It forces the user to log out
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can modify the Host header to generate password reset links pointing to a malicious site
Explanation: If the password reset email link uses the Host header dynamically, an attacker can modify it to redirect victims to a phishing site.
41. What is a “Host Header Attack Surface”?
A) The number of attack vectors that involve modifying the Host header
B) The server’s physical location
C) The range of available HTTP ports
D) The user’s browser security settings
✅ Answer: A) The number of attack vectors that involve modifying the Host header
Explanation: The attack surface refers to the various ways in which Host Header Injection can be exploited in a given system.
42. How can a Web Application Firewall (WAF) help mitigate Host Header Injection?
A) By filtering out requests with unexpected Host header values
B) By blocking all HTTP requests
C) By modifying encryption keys
D) By disabling logging
✅ Answer: A) By filtering out requests with unexpected Host header values
Explanation: A WAF can block requests with unusual or forged Host headers, reducing the risk of injection.
43. Why is it important to disable HTTP request forwarding based on Host headers?
A) To prevent Host Header Injection from redirecting traffic to malicious sites
B) To improve HTTP request speed
C) To allow users to modify Host headers freely
D) To increase website rankings
✅ Answer: A) To prevent Host Header Injection from redirecting traffic to malicious sites
Explanation: Host-based request forwarding can be abused to redirect users to phishing or malicious websites.
44. What impact does Host Header Injection have on Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)?
A) It can allow attackers to bypass CORS restrictions
B) It improves cross-origin security
C) It prevents browser-based attacks
D) It encrypts CORS responses
✅ Answer: A) It can allow attackers to bypass CORS restrictions
Explanation: If CORS policies trust the Host header, an attacker can modify it to gain unauthorized access to resources.
45. Which type of website feature is most at risk from Host Header Injection?
A) Features that generate dynamic links
B) Static HTML pages
C) Websites that use CAPTCHAs
D) Websites that use multi-factor authentication
✅ Answer: A) Features that generate dynamic links
Explanation: If an application dynamically constructs password reset links or redirects based on the Host header, it becomes vulnerable.
46. How can TLS/SSL certificates help mitigate Host Header Injection?
A) By ensuring that only valid domains serve traffic under HTTPS
B) By modifying HTTP headers automatically
C) By encrypting database entries
D) By blocking JavaScript execution
✅ Answer: A) By ensuring that only valid domains serve traffic under HTTPS
Explanation: TLS/SSL certificates help ensure that requests are served from valid domains, reducing MITM attacks.
47. What is the role of Virtual Hosts in Host Header Injection?
A) Virtual Hosts rely on the Host header to determine the correct website to serve
B) Virtual Hosts encrypt HTTP requests
C) Virtual Hosts block all incoming HTTP headers
D) Virtual Hosts store sensitive user credentials
✅ Answer: A) Virtual Hosts rely on the Host header to determine the correct website to serve
Explanation: Virtual hosting allows multiple domains to share the same IP, making the Host header critical for routing requests.
48. Why should developers avoid dynamically constructing redirects based on Host headers?
A) To prevent Open Redirect and phishing attacks
B) To speed up server response times
C) To avoid exposing database queries
D) To increase page loading speed
✅ Answer: A) To prevent Open Redirect and phishing attacks
Explanation: Dynamically constructing redirects can allow attackers to manipulate URLs for phishing or redirection attacks.
49. What is the best practice for validating Host headers?
A) Implementing a whitelist of allowed Host header values
B) Allowing all incoming Host headers
C) Ignoring Host headers completely
D) Logging user passwords along with Host headers
✅ Answer: A) Implementing a whitelist of allowed Host header values
Explanation: Whitelisting ensures that only predefined, legitimate Host headers are accepted.
50. How does Host Header Injection relate to phishing?
A) It allows attackers to manipulate links and redirects, making phishing more effective
B) It prevents phishing attacks
C) It enables automatic email encryption
D) It blocks all malicious requests
✅ Answer: A) It allows attackers to manipulate links and redirects, making phishing more effective
Explanation: By altering Host headers, attackers can redirect users to fake login pages for phishing.
51. Which server software is known to be particularly vulnerable to Host Header Injection if not configured properly?
A) Apache
B) Nginx
C) Microsoft IIS
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Misconfigurations in Apache, Nginx, and IIS can allow Host Header Injection attacks, making them all potential targets.
52. What is one common mistake that developers make that leads to Host Header Injection?
A) Using a CDN for caching
B) Trusting user-controlled Host headers for generating security-sensitive links
C) Implementing two-factor authentication
D) Using HTTPS for all requests
✅ Answer: B) Trusting user-controlled Host headers for generating security-sensitive links
Explanation: If an application blindly trusts the Host header for generating URLs, it can be exploited by an attacker.
53. Which OWASP Top 10 category does Host Header Injection most closely align with?
A) A01: Broken Access Control
B) A03: Injection
C) A05: Security Misconfiguration
D) A07: Identification & Authentication Failures
✅ Answer: C) A05: Security Misconfiguration
Explanation: Host Header Injection is often a result of improper server configuration, making it fall under Security Misconfiguration.
54. What is a “secondary impact” of a successful Host Header Injection attack?
A) Slower website load times
B) Manipulation of password reset links for phishing
C) Forced HTTPS encryption
D) Improved SEO rankings
✅ Answer: B) Manipulation of password reset links for phishing
Explanation: Attackers can modify Host headers to generate password reset links that direct users to phishing sites.
55. How does “HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security)” indirectly help mitigate Host Header Injection attacks?
A) It forces HTTPS connections, reducing the risk of MITM attacks that could modify Host headers
B) It prevents users from modifying headers manually
C) It forces all HTTP traffic to be dropped
D) It restricts API requests
✅ Answer: A) It forces HTTPS connections, reducing the risk of MITM attacks that could modify Host headers
Explanation: HSTS ensures all requests are made securely, making it harder for attackers to intercept and manipulate headers.
56. Which response code should be used if an invalid Host header is detected?
A) 200 OK
B) 301 Moved Permanently
C) 400 Bad Request
D) 500 Internal Server Error
✅ Answer: C) 400 Bad Request
Explanation: A 400 Bad Request response should be returned when a Host header is invalid or unexpected.
57. Which of the following is a valid method for verifying Host headers on the server side?
A) Regular expressions to match against an allowlist
B) Allowing any incoming Host header
C) Stripping the Host header from requests
D) Replacing the Host header with an IP address
✅ Answer: A) Regular expressions to match against an allowlist
Explanation: Using regular expressions or allowlists ensures that only authorized Host headers are accepted.
58. Which cloud security feature can help mitigate Host Header Injection?
A) Web Application Firewall (WAF)
B) Identity & Access Management (IAM)
C) Serverless Functions
D) Network Load Balancer
✅ Answer: A) Web Application Firewall (WAF)
Explanation: A WAF can inspect incoming requests and block suspicious Host header manipulations.
59. How does Host Header Injection affect email-based account verification links?
A) It can alter the verification link to point to an attacker-controlled domain
B) It prevents emails from being sent
C) It encrypts all email communications
D) It makes email verification faster
✅ Answer: A) It can alter the verification link to point to an attacker-controlled domain
Explanation: If an application generates account verification links based on the Host header, an attacker can modify them for phishing.
60. How does a reverse proxy affect Host Header Injection risks?
A) It can filter and normalize Host headers before passing requests to the backend
B) It automatically encrypts Host headers
C) It prevents JavaScript execution
D) It blocks all incoming HTTP requests
✅ Answer: A) It can filter and normalize Host headers before passing requests to the backend
Explanation: Reverse proxies can sanitize incoming requests, ensuring only valid Host headers reach backend servers.
61. What is the purpose of setting UseCanonicalName On in Apache?
A) It forces Apache to use a predefined Host name instead of relying on user input
B) It blocks all HTTP requests
C) It prevents JavaScript execution
D) It enables automatic password hashing
✅ Answer: A) It forces Apache to use a predefined Host name instead of relying on user input
Explanation: This setting prevents Apache from dynamically trusting user-supplied Host headers.
62. Which of the following makes a Host Header Injection attack harder to perform?
A) Using only IP addresses instead of domain names
B) Restricting Host headers to a known allowlist
C) Disabling all HTTP methods
D) Encrypting session cookies
✅ Answer: B) Restricting Host headers to a known allowlist
Explanation: A whitelist approach ensures that only legitimate Host headers are accepted.
63. How does an attacker test for Host Header Injection vulnerabilities?
A) By sending a modified Host header and observing the response
B) By scanning open ports
C) By modifying JavaScript variables
D) By checking browser console logs
✅ Answer: A) By sending a modified Host header and observing the response
Explanation: An attacker can modify the Host header and check if it affects application behavior.
64. What is a practical way to prevent Open Redirect attacks via Host Header Injection?
A) Hardcoding trusted domain names in the application
B) Allowing all redirects
C) Using only HTTP instead of HTTPS
D) Blocking all GET requests
✅ Answer: A) Hardcoding trusted domain names in the application
Explanation: Preventing dynamic redirect generation using the Host header stops Open Redirect attacks.
65. What is the impact of Host Header Injection on API security?
A) It can allow unauthorized API access through domain spoofing
B) It disables API authentication
C) It speeds up API responses
D) It encrypts API responses automatically
✅ Answer: A) It can allow unauthorized API access through domain spoofing
Explanation: If APIs trust Host headers for authentication, an attacker can spoof requests to gain access.
66. Why is it important to validate both Host and X-Forwarded-Host headers?
A) Attackers can manipulate either header to perform attacks
B) It prevents database corruption
C) It improves page load speed
D) It blocks all automated bots
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can manipulate either header to perform attacks
Explanation: Some applications process X-Forwarded-Host headers instead of Host headers, making them vulnerable.
67. How can server-side logging help detect Host Header Injection attempts?
A) By flagging unusual or unexpected Host headers in request logs
B) By encrypting log files
C) By automatically blocking all requests
D) By making the application load faster
✅ Answer: A) By flagging unusual or unexpected Host headers in request logs
Explanation: Logging helps identify anomalous Host header values, aiding in threat detection.
68. What does setting server_name in Nginx do to prevent Host Header Injection?
A) It specifies the only allowed Host header values
B) It disables logging
C) It enables automatic encryption
D) It forces all requests to use HTTP
✅ Answer: A) It specifies the only allowed Host header values
Explanation: Setting server_name in Nginx ensures only predefined Host values are accepted.
69. Why should security teams conduct periodic penetration tests for Host Header Injection?
A) To identify and fix vulnerabilities before attackers exploit them
B) To slow down website performance
C) To allow hackers to practice
D) To disable firewall rules
✅ Answer: A) To identify and fix vulnerabilities before attackers exploit them
Explanation: Regular penetration testing helps detect Host Header Injection risks early.
70. How does DNS Security help mitigate Host Header Injection risks?
A) By preventing domain spoofing through DNSSEC
B) By blocking JavaScript execution
C) By encrypting database queries
D) By preventing all HTTP requests
✅ Answer: A) By preventing domain spoofing through DNSSEC
Explanation: DNSSEC protects against domain spoofing, reducing Host Header Injection risks.
71. What happens if an attacker modifies the Host header to an internal IP (e.g., 127.0.0.1)?
A) The request is always rejected
B) The server may interpret the request as coming from localhost, potentially exposing internal services
C) The browser automatically blocks the request
D) The request is redirected to an external website
✅ Answer: B) The server may interpret the request as coming from localhost, potentially exposing internal services
Explanation: If the server does not validate Host headers, an attacker could trick it into treating the request as coming from a trusted internal source.
72. What is the impact of Host Header Injection on HTTP-to-HTTPS redirections?
A) The attacker can modify the redirection to point to a malicious domain
B) The request is always blocked
C) The website automatically disables redirection
D) It has no effect on redirections
✅ Answer: A) The attacker can modify the redirection to point to a malicious domain
Explanation: If a website dynamically constructs HTTPS redirections using the Host header, an attacker could redirect users to a fake site.
73. How can CSP (Content Security Policy) help mitigate Host Header Injection risks?
A) By restricting which domains can be used for scripts and resources
B) By blocking all JavaScript execution
C) By encrypting HTTP headers
D) By disabling API requests
✅ Answer: A) By restricting which domains can be used for scripts and resources
Explanation: CSP can prevent malicious scripts from being loaded from attacker-controlled domains.
74. Which of the following is a real-world consequence of a successful Host Header Injection attack?
A) Unauthorized access to cloud storage
B) Users being redirected to phishing websites
C) CPU overheating on the server
D) Automatic password reset
✅ Answer: B) Users being redirected to phishing websites
Explanation: Attackers can manipulate URL generation to trick users into entering credentials on phishing sites.
75. What should developers do when handling user-provided Host headers?
A) Validate the Host header against a known list of trusted domains
B) Allow any Host header without validation
C) Ignore Host headers entirely
D) Replace Host headers with random values
✅ Answer: A) Validate the Host header against a known list of trusted domains
Explanation: Validating against a whitelist of trusted domains prevents attackers from injecting arbitrary values.
76. What is a potential issue when using the X-Forwarded-Host header in security-critical operations?
A) It can be spoofed by attackers if not validated
B) It blocks all external traffic
C) It enables automatic HTTPS encryption
D) It speeds up HTTP processing
✅ Answer: A) It can be spoofed by attackers if not validated
Explanation: Attackers can modify X-Forwarded-Host to trick applications into trusting fake values.
77. What common misconfiguration in content management systems (CMS) increases Host Header Injection risks?
A) Allowing dynamic URL generation based on user-supplied Host headers
B) Using secure cookies
C) Enforcing HTTPS-only requests
D) Disabling admin login
✅ Answer: A) Allowing dynamic URL generation based on user-supplied Host headers
Explanation: If a CMS relies on user-controlled Host headers for generating links, it becomes vulnerable.
78. What kind of phishing attack can be conducted using Host Header Injection?
A) Password reset hijacking
B) Domain squatting
C) Cookie stuffing
D) Browser fingerprinting
✅ Answer: A) Password reset hijacking
Explanation: Attackers can modify the Host header to send phishing links via password reset emails.
79. Why should applications avoid using Host headers for multi-tenant authentication?
A) Host headers can be manipulated to access another tenant’s data
B) Host headers slow down authentication
C) Host headers automatically encrypt passwords
D) Host headers prevent user tracking
✅ Answer: A) Host headers can be manipulated to access another tenant’s data
Explanation: If tenant authentication is based on the Host header, an attacker can impersonate another tenant.
80. What is a secure alternative to relying on Host headers for generating absolute URLs?
A) Using a pre-configured base URL
B) Allowing Host headers from all sources
C) Ignoring URL structure in application logic
D) Randomizing Host headers on every request
✅ Answer: A) Using a pre-configured base URL
Explanation: Applications should hardcode trusted base URLs instead of dynamically using Host headers.
81. What kind of caching issue can arise due to Host Header Injection?
A) Cache poisoning
B) Cache compression failure
C) Increased memory usage
D) Faster cache invalidation
✅ Answer: A) Cache poisoning
Explanation: Attackers can store malicious responses in cache by modifying Host headers.
82. How does input sanitization help prevent Host Header Injection?
A) It removes invalid or unexpected Host header values
B) It disables all cookies
C) It blocks network access
D) It speeds up HTTP processing
✅ Answer: A) It removes invalid or unexpected Host header values
Explanation: Sanitizing inputs ensures that only valid Host header values are accepted.
83. What is a practical way to detect Host Header Injection attempts in log files?
A) Looking for unexpected or unknown Host header values
B) Counting the number of requests
C) Checking for missing User-Agent headers
D) Analyzing JavaScript execution
✅ Answer: A) Looking for unexpected or unknown Host header values
Explanation: Log analysis can help detect unusual Host headers that do not belong to the application.
84. How does HTTPS mitigate some risks of Host Header Injection?
A) It prevents MITM attacks that could modify headers
B) It blocks all API requests
C) It disables JavaScript execution
D) It speeds up request processing
✅ Answer: A) It prevents MITM attacks that could modify headers
Explanation: HTTPS ensures that attackers cannot modify Host headers in transit.
85. What is a practical way for penetration testers to check for Host Header Injection vulnerabilities?
A) Using Burp Suite to modify Host headers and analyze responses
B) Checking website source code
C) Disabling firewall protections
D) Running SQL queries
✅ Answer: A) Using Burp Suite to modify Host headers and analyze responses
Explanation: Security testers use Burp Suite to intercept and modify Host headers to check for vulnerabilities.
86. How can DNS configuration help prevent Host Header Injection?
A) Enforcing DNSSEC to prevent domain spoofing
B) Encrypting all HTTP traffic
C) Randomizing IP addresses
D) Blocking all non-local traffic
✅ Answer: A) Enforcing DNSSEC to prevent domain spoofing
Explanation: DNSSEC helps prevent fake domain resolutions, reducing risks associated with Host Header Injection.
87. What security header can help mitigate risks related to Host Header Injection?
A) Strict-Transport-Security
B) X-Frame-Options
C) X-Content-Type-Options
D) Referrer-Policy
✅ Answer: A) Strict-Transport-Security
Explanation: Strict-Transport-Security enforces HTTPS, reducing attack surfaces.
88. What is the biggest risk of trusting user-provided Host headers in email links?
A) Phishing attacks through forged links
B) Slow website performance
C) Increased page load times
D) More efficient URL generation
✅ Answer: A) Phishing attacks through forged links
Explanation: Attackers can send phishing emails with fake password reset links.
89. Why should developers enforce Host validation at the load balancer level?
A) It prevents invalid Host headers before they reach the application
B) It disables HTTPS
C) It speeds up database queries
D) It prevents XSS attacks
✅ Answer: A) It prevents invalid Host headers before they reach the application
Explanation: Load balancers can reject requests with unknown Host headers before they reach backend servers.
90. How does using a security-focused reverse proxy help against Host Header Injection?
A) It blocks requests with unapproved Host headers
B) It encrypts database entries
C) It improves website speed
D) It disables JavaScript execution
✅ Answer: A) It blocks requests with unapproved Host headers
Explanation: Reverse proxies filter out requests with malicious Host headers before they reach the backend.
91. What is the primary reason why Host Header Injection is a serious vulnerability?
A) It can be used to manipulate how a web server processes requests
B) It slows down web page loading times
C) It prevents API requests from being processed
D) It increases server response time
✅ Answer: A) It can be used to manipulate how a web server processes requests
Explanation: By modifying the Host header, attackers can bypass security mechanisms, conduct phishing, or exploit multi-tenant applications.
92. What security risk does an attacker introduce when they modify the Host header to an arbitrary domain?
A) The web application may generate malicious password reset or login links
B) The request is automatically blocked
C) The server’s CPU usage increases
D) It disables two-factor authentication
✅ Answer: A) The web application may generate malicious password reset or login links
Explanation: Host header manipulation can lead to phishing attacks where users receive fraudulent password reset or authentication links.
93. Which best practice helps mitigate Host Header Injection?
A) Whitelisting only valid Host header values
B) Allowing all incoming requests without validation
C) Disabling SSL/TLS encryption
D) Increasing the cache size
✅ Answer: A) Whitelisting only valid Host header values
Explanation: Validating Host headers against a whitelist ensures that only legitimate requests are processed.
94. Why is it dangerous to use Host headers to determine the base URL of a website?
A) Attackers can modify the Host header to inject malicious domains
B) Host headers improve API request speeds
C) Host headers do not support encryption
D) Host headers prevent DNS attacks
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can modify the Host header to inject malicious domains
Explanation: Trusting user-supplied Host headers makes applications vulnerable to phishing, redirection, and injection attacks.
95. Which web server directive can help prevent Host Header Injection in Apache?
A) ServerName
B) AllowAllHeaders
C) EnableHostInjection
D) RedirectHost
✅ Answer: A) ServerName
Explanation: Setting ServerName ensures that only the specified domain is accepted, preventing Host Header Injection.
96. Which of the following tools can be used to test for Host Header Injection vulnerabilities?
A) Burp Suite
B) Metasploit
C) Wireshark
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Burp Suite allows header modification, Metasploit includes modules for testing, and Wireshark can capture manipulated requests.
97. How does an attacker use Host Header Injection for privilege escalation?
A) By modifying the Host header to impersonate an internal trusted domain
B) By increasing server request time
C) By modifying URL paths
D) By injecting JavaScript into the request
✅ Answer: A) By modifying the Host header to impersonate an internal trusted domain
Explanation: Some applications grant special privileges to internal domains, making Host header manipulation a potential privilege escalation risk.
98. What is a sign that a website might be vulnerable to Host Header Injection?
A) It dynamically constructs URLs using the Host header
B) It blocks all unknown Host headers
C) It forces all requests over HTTPS
D) It has no login functionality
✅ Answer: A) It dynamically constructs URLs using the Host header
Explanation: Applications that generate URLs dynamically based on the Host header are susceptible to manipulation.
99. How does a reverse proxy help mitigate Host Header Injection?
A) It filters and normalizes Host headers before forwarding requests
B) It logs user credentials
C) It encrypts all JavaScript responses
D) It disables session cookies
✅ Answer: A) It filters and normalizes Host headers before forwarding requests
Explanation: Reverse proxies ensure that only valid Host headers reach the backend, preventing attacks.
100. How can HTTP request smuggling be combined with Host Header Injection?
A) By crafting a request that is processed differently by front-end and back-end servers
B) By modifying HTML elements on the webpage
C) By encrypting Host headers
D) By forcing JavaScript execution
✅ Answer: A) By crafting a request that is processed differently by front-end and back-end servers
Explanation: Request smuggling techniques allow attackers to confuse different server layers, leading to unexpected processing of Host headers.
101. How does setting a default Host header in Nginx improve security?
A) It forces requests to use a predefined valid Host value
B) It encrypts session cookies
C) It blocks all HTTP traffic
D) It allows requests from any domain
✅ Answer: A) It forces requests to use a predefined valid Host value
Explanation: A default Host setting ensures that only trusted domains are processed.
102. What does an attacker achieve by manipulating the Host header to localhost?
A) The application may interpret the request as coming from an internal source
B) The request is immediately blocked
C) The server returns a 404 error
D) The request is redirected to Google
✅ Answer: A) The application may interpret the request as coming from an internal source
Explanation: Some applications trust requests from localhost, which can be exploited if Host header validation is weak.
103. How does logging unexpected Host headers help in security monitoring?
A) It allows early detection of Host Header Injection attempts
B) It speeds up API requests
C) It prevents session hijacking
D) It disables SQL queries
✅ Answer: A) It allows early detection of Host Header Injection attempts
Explanation: Monitoring for unusual Host headers helps identify potential attacks early.
104. Which response code is typically associated with rejecting Host Header Injection attempts?
A) 400 Bad Request
B) 302 Found
C) 200 OK
D) 401 Unauthorized
✅ Answer: A) 400 Bad Request
Explanation: If an invalid or unexpected Host header is detected, the server should return a 400 Bad Request error.
105. Why should developers avoid storing user sessions based on the Host header?
A) Host headers can be manipulated, leading to session hijacking
B) It improves website performance
C) Host headers are encrypted by default
D) Host headers cannot be logged
✅ Answer: A) Host headers can be manipulated, leading to session hijacking
Explanation: If sessions are tied to Host headers, an attacker can spoof the header to hijack a session.
106. What is a subdomain takeover in the context of Host Header Injection?
A) When an attacker gains control over a subdomain by modifying Host headers
B) When an attacker brute forces a subdomain name
C) When a domain expires and gets hijacked
D) When cookies are stolen via JavaScript
✅ Answer: A) When an attacker gains control over a subdomain by modifying Host headers
Explanation: Host Header Injection can be used to trick an application into serving content from a hijacked subdomain.
107. How does HTTP Host Header Injection facilitate SSRF attacks?
A) By modifying the Host header to interact with internal resources
B) By executing malicious JavaScript
C) By altering database queries
D) By bypassing CAPTCHA verification
✅ Answer: A) By modifying the Host header to interact with internal resources
Explanation: If a server makes internal requests using the Host header, attackers can manipulate it for SSRF exploits.
108. What kind of application is most vulnerable to Host Header Injection?
A) Applications that dynamically generate URLs based on the Host header
B) Static websites without login functionality
C) Websites with strong CSP policies
D) Websites that only use IP-based authentication
✅ Answer: A) Applications that dynamically generate URLs based on the Host header
Explanation: Dynamically generated URLs that rely on Host headers can be easily manipulated.
109. Why is Host Header Injection sometimes used in phishing campaigns?
A) It allows attackers to create fake login pages that look legitimate
B) It slows down website traffic
C) It enables SQL injection
D) It encrypts user passwords
✅ Answer: A) It allows attackers to create fake login pages that look legitimate
Explanation: Attackers modify Host headers to redirect users to phishing sites.
110. Which security mechanism ensures that an application does not accept arbitrary Host headers?
A) Host Header Whitelisting
B) Allowing all incoming headers
C) Storing Host headers in cookies
D) Ignoring Host headers completely
✅ Answer: A) Host Header Whitelisting
Explanation: Whitelisting only trusted Host headers prevents unauthorized modifications.
111. Which HTTP status code should a server return if an invalid Host header is detected?
A) 403 Forbidden
B) 400 Bad Request
C) 301 Moved Permanently
D) 200 OK
✅ Answer: B) 400 Bad Request
Explanation: A 400 Bad Request response should be returned when an invalid or unexpected Host header is detected, preventing abuse.
112. What is the main reason why attackers exploit Host Header Injection?
A) To manipulate server responses and redirect users to malicious domains
B) To speed up HTTP requests
C) To enable encryption for insecure websites
D) To disable API authentication
✅ Answer: A) To manipulate server responses and redirect users to malicious domains
Explanation: Attackers modify Host headers to manipulate URL generation, facilitate phishing attacks, or exploit internal systems.
113. Which component in a cloud-based architecture is responsible for validating Host headers before forwarding requests?
A) Load Balancer
B) DNS Resolver
C) Email Server
D) Cache Manager
✅ Answer: A) Load Balancer
Explanation: Load balancers filter and validate incoming Host headers before forwarding requests to the backend, reducing risks.
114. Why is it dangerous for an application to use the Host header for URL canonicalization?
A) The application can be tricked into serving content for malicious domains
B) The Host header automatically encrypts requests
C) It improves caching efficiency
D) It speeds up DNS lookups
✅ Answer: A) The application can be tricked into serving content for malicious domains
Explanation: If an application relies on user-supplied Host headers, attackers can alter URLs to point to malicious destinations.
115. How can a Web Application Firewall (WAF) prevent Host Header Injection attacks?
A) By blocking requests with unapproved Host headers
B) By modifying database queries
C) By enabling automatic password resets
D) By redirecting all requests to localhost
✅ Answer: A) By blocking requests with unapproved Host headers
Explanation: A WAF can enforce security policies that block requests containing suspicious or unvalidated Host headers.
116. What is a “poisoned cache” in the context of Host Header Injection?
A) A scenario where an attacker modifies Host headers to store malicious responses in the cache
B) A caching issue that slows down websites
C) A secure form of data storage
D) An encrypted log file
✅ Answer: A) A scenario where an attacker modifies Host headers to store malicious responses in the cache
Explanation: Cache poisoning occurs when attackers manipulate Host headers to store and serve altered responses.
117. What type of authentication mechanism can be bypassed if an application trusts the Host header?
A) Multi-tenant authentication
B) CAPTCHA authentication
C) Biometrics authentication
D) Password-based authentication
✅ Answer: A) Multi-tenant authentication
Explanation: Multi-tenant applications that rely on Host headers to determine the tenant can be tricked into exposing another tenant’s data.
118. What should a server do when handling multiple Host headers in a request?
A) Reject the request with a 400 Bad Request error
B) Process both headers and choose the most valid one
C) Allow the request but log an error
D) Encrypt the Host headers before processing
✅ Answer: A) Reject the request with a 400 Bad Request error
Explanation: Requests with multiple Host headers should be considered suspicious and rejected to prevent ambiguity or injection attacks.
119. How can developers ensure that an application does not dynamically trust user-provided Host headers?
A) By hardcoding trusted base URLs in the application code
B) By allowing all requests without validation
C) By disabling API authentication
D) By enabling automatic Host header logging
✅ Answer: A) By hardcoding trusted base URLs in the application code
Explanation: Applications should use hardcoded base URLs rather than dynamically constructing URLs from user-supplied Host headers.
120. Why is setting UseCanonicalName On in Apache beneficial for security?
A) It forces Apache to use a predefined Host name, preventing manipulation
B) It enables JavaScript execution on the server
C) It speeds up API responses
D) It allows attackers to override session cookies
✅ Answer: A) It forces Apache to use a predefined Host name, preventing manipulation
Explanation: Setting UseCanonicalName On ensures that Apache does not rely on user-supplied Host headers, reducing security risks.
121. Why is Host Header Injection a concern for applications using OAuth authentication?
A) Attackers can manipulate the authorization flow by redirecting users to a phishing site
B) OAuth automatically blocks all HTTP headers
C) OAuth encrypts Host headers by default
D) Host headers do not affect OAuth authentication
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can manipulate the authorization flow by redirecting users to a phishing site
Explanation: If OAuth authentication trusts the Host header, attackers can alter redirection URLs, leading to phishing attacks.
122. How can developers test their applications for Host Header Injection vulnerabilities?
A) By modifying Host headers in HTTP requests using tools like Burp Suite
B) By disabling all JavaScript execution
C) By checking for SQL injection errors
D) By changing browser security settings
✅ Answer: A) By modifying Host headers in HTTP requests using tools like Burp Suite
Explanation: Burp Suite and similar tools allow security testers to modify Host headers and analyze application behavior.
123. How does TLS help mitigate some risks associated with Host Header Injection?
A) It encrypts HTTP requests, preventing Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks
B) It disables JavaScript execution
C) It prevents SQL injection
D) It speeds up API response times
✅ Answer: A) It encrypts HTTP requests, preventing Man-in-the-Middle (MITM) attacks
Explanation: TLS encryption ensures that attackers cannot intercept and modify Host headers in transit.
124. Why is Host Header Injection a risk in microservices architectures?
A) Different microservices may rely on Host headers for routing requests
B) Microservices are always insecure
C) It increases the size of API requests
D) It forces authentication to be disabled
✅ Answer: A) Different microservices may rely on Host headers for routing requests
Explanation: If Host headers determine service routing, an attacker may redirect requests to unauthorized internal services.
125. What security header can help enforce HTTPS connections and mitigate Host Header Injection risks?
A) Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)
B) X-Frame-Options
C) X-Content-Type-Options
D) Referrer-Policy
✅ Answer: A) Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)
Explanation: HSTS enforces HTTPS, reducing the likelihood of MITM attacks that could alter Host headers.
126. What is the primary risk of using Host headers in API security controls?
A) Attackers can spoof API requests by altering the Host header
B) API calls become slower
C) The server encrypts all responses automatically
D) API requests cannot be logged
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can spoof API requests by altering the Host header
Explanation: Host-based access controls can be bypassed if an attacker modifies the Host header to mimic a trusted source.
127. Why is it essential to validate X-Forwarded-Host headers in applications behind a proxy?
A) Attackers can spoof requests by modifying this header
B) It prevents cookie theft
C) It speeds up JavaScript execution
D) It disables database encryption
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can spoof requests by modifying this header
Explanation: If X-Forwarded-Host is not validated, attackers can manipulate how requests are routed.
128. What role does DNS play in preventing Host Header Injection?
A) DNSSEC helps prevent domain spoofing
B) DNS encrypts all API requests
C) DNS removes invalid Host headers
D) DNS prevents brute force attacks
✅ Answer: A) DNSSEC helps prevent domain spoofing
Explanation: DNSSEC ensures that attackers cannot forge domain resolutions, reducing the risk of misleading Host headers.
129. What happens if an attacker uses an IP address instead of a domain in the Host header?
A) The server might process the request differently, depending on its configuration
B) The request is always rejected
C) The browser blocks the request
D) The request is automatically redirected to Google
✅ Answer: A) The server might process the request differently, depending on its configuration
Explanation: Some servers may treat direct IP-based requests differently, leading to unexpected behavior.
130. What is a simple and effective way to mitigate Host Header Injection?
A) Enforcing a strict allowlist for Host headers
B) Allowing all Host headers
C) Disabling TLS encryption
D) Ignoring HTTP headers entirely
✅ Answer: A) Enforcing a strict allowlist for Host headers
Explanation: Allowlisting ensures that only authorized Host headers are processed, preventing injection attacks.
131. What is the main reason why API gateways should validate Host headers?
A) To prevent attackers from forging API requests using manipulated Host headers
B) To improve API response speed
C) To block all GET requests
D) To disable cookies
✅ Answer: A) To prevent attackers from forging API requests using manipulated Host headers
Explanation: API gateways should validate Host headers to ensure requests are coming from legitimate sources, preventing spoofing and unauthorized access.
132. Which attack can be combined with Host Header Injection to increase its impact?
A) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
B) Clickjacking
C) SQL Injection
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: Host Header Injection can work with other attacks like XSS, Clickjacking, and SQL Injection to enhance the attack’s effectiveness.
133. What does it mean if an application reflects the modified Host header in the response body?
A) It may be vulnerable to Host Header Injection and Reflected XSS
B) The server is rejecting invalid requests
C) The application is enforcing security policies
D) The response is being cached for future requests
✅ Answer: A) It may be vulnerable to Host Header Injection and Reflected XSS
Explanation: Reflecting user input (including Host headers) in responses without validation can lead to Reflected XSS and other vulnerabilities.
134. Why should multi-tenant applications avoid using Host headers for tenant identification?
A) Attackers can modify Host headers to access other tenants’ data
B) It improves server response times
C) It reduces database load
D) It enables encrypted connections
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can modify Host headers to access other tenants’ data
Explanation: Host headers can be manipulated to spoof another tenant, leading to data exposure in multi-tenant environments.
135. Which web server configuration can help prevent Host Header Injection?
A) Defining a strict list of allowed Host headers
B) Allowing all incoming Host headers
C) Using JavaScript to validate Host headers
D) Storing Host headers in cookies
✅ Answer: A) Defining a strict list of allowed Host headers
Explanation: Restricting the accepted Host headers to a predefined list prevents attackers from injecting arbitrary Host values.
136. Which of the following is a risk associated with Host Header Injection in cloud environments?
A) Accessing internal services by manipulating Host headers
B) Slowing down server processing times
C) Increasing the cost of cloud services
D) Deleting user accounts
✅ Answer: A) Accessing internal services by manipulating Host headers
Explanation: In cloud environments, misconfigured internal routing based on Host headers can lead to unauthorized access to internal services.
137. What is the relationship between Host Header Injection and Open Redirect vulnerabilities?
A) Host Header Injection can be used to manipulate redirections to malicious sites
B) Open Redirect attacks automatically disable Host Header Injection
C) Open Redirects prevent phishing attacks
D) Host Header Injection blocks URL redirections
✅ Answer: A) Host Header Injection can be used to manipulate redirections to malicious sites
Explanation: If redirections rely on user-supplied Host headers, attackers can modify them to send users to phishing sites.
138. Which server response might indicate that a Host Header Injection attempt was unsuccessful?
A) 400 Bad Request
B) 500 Internal Server Error
C) 403 Forbidden
D) All of the above
✅ Answer: D) All of the above
Explanation: A secure server should reject invalid Host headers with error responses like 400, 403, or 500 depending on the configuration.
139. Why should security teams monitor logs for unusual Host header values?
A) To detect potential Host Header Injection attempts early
B) To speed up API requests
C) To improve website SEO
D) To disable JavaScript execution
✅ Answer: A) To detect potential Host Header Injection attempts early
Explanation: Logging and monitoring for unexpected Host headers can help detect and mitigate attacks before they cause damage.
140. How does server-side validation of Host headers improve security?
A) It ensures that only legitimate requests are processed
B) It speeds up website load times
C) It blocks all HTTP traffic
D) It disables all user authentication
✅ Answer: A) It ensures that only legitimate requests are processed
Explanation: Validating Host headers on the server prevents unauthorized requests from being processed, reducing attack surfaces.
141. How can threat intelligence feeds help prevent Host Header Injection?
A) By identifying known attack patterns and blocking malicious requests
B) By encrypting Host headers
C) By reducing server memory usage
D) By increasing database performance
✅ Answer: A) By identifying known attack patterns and blocking malicious requests
Explanation: Threat intelligence feeds help identify known Host Header Injection attack patterns, allowing preemptive blocking.
142. What is the potential impact of Host Header Injection on security tokens?
A) Attackers can manipulate Host headers to obtain or modify authentication tokens
B) Security tokens automatically block Host Header Injection
C) Security tokens are unaffected by HTTP headers
D) Host headers cannot interact with security tokens
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can manipulate Host headers to obtain or modify authentication tokens
Explanation: If authentication tokens are tied to Host headers, an attacker can modify them to hijack or forge tokens.
143. Which method should be avoided when handling Host headers in security-critical applications?
A) Trusting user-supplied Host headers without validation
B) Using allowlists to specify permitted Host headers
C) Logging unexpected Host headers for monitoring
D) Filtering out Host headers with unknown values
✅ Answer: A) Trusting user-supplied Host headers without validation
Explanation: Blindly trusting Host headers makes applications vulnerable to injection attacks, phishing, and security bypasses.
144. What is an effective strategy to prevent Host Header Injection in email verification links?
A) Using a fixed base URL instead of relying on Host headers
B) Allowing user input in the email verification URL
C) Encrypting Host headers in email links
D) Disabling email verification
✅ Answer: A) Using a fixed base URL instead of relying on Host headers
Explanation: Hardcoding a trusted base URL prevents attackers from modifying the Host header to create phishing links.
145. How can rate limiting help mitigate Host Header Injection attempts?
A) By reducing the number of malicious requests attackers can send
B) By blocking all incoming HTTP requests
C) By increasing the timeout period for requests
D) By allowing only admin users to set Host headers
✅ Answer: A) By reducing the number of malicious requests attackers can send
Explanation: Rate limiting helps limit repeated Host Header Injection attempts by slowing down attackers.
146. Which type of pentesting engagement would best detect Host Header Injection vulnerabilities?
A) Web Application Penetration Testing
B) Physical Security Testing
C) Social Engineering Testing
D) Wireless Network Penetration Testing
✅ Answer: A) Web Application Penetration Testing
Explanation: Host Header Injection is primarily a web security issue, making Web Application Penetration Testing the best approach.
147. Why should API request logs include the original Host header?
A) To track potential abuse and suspicious modifications
B) To make API responses faster
C) To encrypt user sessions
D) To allow users to modify API requests
✅ Answer: A) To track potential abuse and suspicious modifications
Explanation: Logging original Host headers helps detect unauthorized modifications, aiding in incident response and forensics.
148. What is a limitation of using JavaScript to validate Host headers?
A) JavaScript validation can be bypassed easily by an attacker
B) JavaScript automatically blocks Host Header Injection
C) JavaScript validation encrypts Host headers
D) JavaScript validation is faster than server-side validation
✅ Answer: A) JavaScript validation can be bypassed easily by an attacker
Explanation: Client-side validation can be bypassed, so Host headers should always be validated on the server.
149. What is the primary reason why TLS does not fully mitigate Host Header Injection?
A) TLS encrypts the transport layer but does not validate Host headers
B) TLS blocks all HTTP headers
C) TLS encrypts Host headers automatically
D) TLS prevents request modifications
✅ Answer: A) TLS encrypts the transport layer but does not validate Host headers
Explanation: TLS ensures data integrity during transmission, but Host Header Injection is an application-layer issue.
150. What is the simplest way to block Host Header Injection in Apache?
A) Use ServerName and ServerAlias directives to restrict accepted Host headers
B) Enable Host header forwarding
C) Disable all HTTP methods
D) Store Host headers in cookies
✅ Answer: A) Use ServerName and ServerAlias directives to restrict accepted Host headers
Explanation: Defining trusted Host values in Apache prevents attackers from using unauthorized Host headers.
151. What happens when an attacker sends an empty Host header in an HTTP request?
A) The server may return an error or use a default Host value
B) The request is automatically rejected
C) The request is redirected to the attacker’s IP
D) The request is always processed normally
✅ Answer: A) The server may return an error or use a default Host value
Explanation: Some servers accept empty Host headers and default to a preconfigured value, which could be exploited.
152. How can reverse proxies be misconfigured to allow Host Header Injection?
A) By failing to validate and normalize Host headers before forwarding requests
B) By blocking all unknown Host headers
C) By forcing HTTPS encryption
D) By using JavaScript for input validation
✅ Answer: A) By failing to validate and normalize Host headers before forwarding requests
Explanation: If a reverse proxy does not validate Host headers, it may forward malicious requests to the backend.
153. Why is Host Header Injection a greater risk in cloud applications?
A) Cloud environments often use shared infrastructure where misconfigured Host headers can affect multiple tenants
B) Cloud applications are always vulnerable to Host Header Injection
C) Cloud security tools disable Host header validation
D) Host headers are ignored in cloud environments
✅ Answer: A) Cloud environments often use shared infrastructure where misconfigured Host headers can affect multiple tenants
Explanation: Multi-tenant cloud applications that trust Host headers may expose one tenant’s data to another.
154. What is a sign that an application does NOT properly validate Host headers?
A) The application generates password reset links using the user-provided Host header
B) The application enforces HTTPS for all requests
C) The application blocks all unknown Host headers
D) The application does not allow dynamic URL generation
✅ Answer: A) The application generates password reset links using the user-provided Host header
Explanation: If an application constructs password reset links using unvalidated Host headers, it is vulnerable to phishing attacks.
155. Which security feature can help detect and block Host Header Injection attempts?
A) Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
B) JavaScript validation
C) HTML5 sandboxing
D) User-controlled session tokens
✅ Answer: A) Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS)
Explanation: An IDS can detect suspicious Host headers and trigger alerts, helping prevent attacks.
156. Why should multi-CDN environments carefully validate Host headers?
A) Attackers may send malicious requests through different CDNs to bypass security measures
B) CDNs automatically block Host Header Injection
C) Host headers are not used in CDN environments
D) CDNs encrypt all Host headers by default
✅ Answer: A) Attackers may send malicious requests through different CDNs to bypass security measures
Explanation: If multiple CDNs are used, attackers may exploit different security policies to bypass protections.
157. How does disabling server-side URL generation using Host headers help prevent attacks?
A) It prevents attackers from controlling generated URLs
B) It speeds up API requests
C) It allows unrestricted Host headers
D) It improves database performance
✅ Answer: A) It prevents attackers from controlling generated URLs
Explanation: By hardcoding base URLs instead of using dynamic Host headers, attackers cannot manipulate generated links.
158. Which attack scenario can result from improper validation of Host headers in internal applications?
A) Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
B) Cookie stuffing
C) CSS injection
D) Brute force attacks
✅ Answer: A) Server-Side Request Forgery (SSRF)
Explanation: If internal applications trust Host headers, an attacker can exploit SSRF to access internal services.
159. What is a possible consequence of allowing wildcard subdomains without Host header validation?
A) Attackers can create phishing sites using subdomains
B) Websites will load faster
C) DNS lookups will be disabled
D) All requests will be encrypted
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can create phishing sites using subdomains
Explanation: Wildcard subdomains combined with Host Header Injection allow attackers to create phishing pages.
160. How does a misconfigured Content Delivery Network (CDN) contribute to Host Header Injection risks?
A) CDNs may forward requests with unvalidated Host headers to origin servers
B) CDNs always validate Host headers before forwarding requests
C) CDNs prevent Host Header Injection
D) CDNs block all user-controlled headers
✅ Answer: A) CDNs may forward requests with unvalidated Host headers to origin servers
Explanation: If a CDN does not validate Host headers, attackers can manipulate requests before they reach the origin server.
161. How can Secure Access Service Edge (SASE) solutions help prevent Host Header Injection?
A) By inspecting and filtering malicious Host headers at the network edge
B) By disabling Host header processing
C) By encrypting Host headers
D) By allowing all incoming requests
✅ Answer: A) By inspecting and filtering malicious Host headers at the network edge
Explanation: SASE solutions can analyze traffic before it reaches the application, blocking attacks.
162. What effect does enforcing strict CORS policies have on Host Header Injection risks?
A) It helps prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data from malicious domains
B) It prevents all HTTP-based attacks
C) It speeds up Host header processing
D) It allows attackers to modify headers
✅ Answer: A) It helps prevent unauthorized access to sensitive data from malicious domains
Explanation: CORS policies restrict which domains can make cross-origin requests, reducing attack surfaces.
163. Why is it essential to use HTTPS along with Host header validation?
A) HTTPS prevents MITM attacks that could modify Host headers in transit
B) HTTPS disables all user-modified headers
C) HTTPS blocks all API requests
D) HTTPS prevents URL redirections
✅ Answer: A) HTTPS prevents MITM attacks that could modify Host headers in transit
Explanation: Host headers can be altered in transit if HTTPS is not enforced, leading to security risks.
164. How does application-layer encryption impact Host Header Injection risks?
A) It prevents attackers from reading sensitive data even if they manipulate Host headers
B) It blocks all invalid Host headers
C) It speeds up database queries
D) It forces all requests to use GET
✅ Answer: A) It prevents attackers from reading sensitive data even if they manipulate Host headers
Explanation: Encrypting application-layer data ensures attackers cannot extract useful information even if they inject headers.
165. How does implementing a Web Application Firewall (WAF) rule for Host headers help security?
A) It blocks requests with unapproved Host headers before reaching the application
B) It disables all HTTP responses
C) It prevents all SQL injection attacks
D) It forces users to log out
✅ Answer: A) It blocks requests with unapproved Host headers before reaching the application
Explanation: WAF rules can be configured to filter out suspicious Host headers, stopping attacks early.
166. Why should organizations log all Host header modifications detected in requests?
A) To track potential attack attempts and identify suspicious activity
B) To disable user authentication
C) To allow automatic encryption of Host headers
D) To improve page load speeds
✅ Answer: A) To track potential attack attempts and identify suspicious activity
Explanation: Logging modified Host headers can help detect patterns of attacks and assist in security investigations.
167. How can implementing a Zero Trust model reduce Host Header Injection risks?
A) By enforcing strict identity verification for all internal and external requests
B) By disabling Host header logging
C) By blocking all HTTP requests
D) By allowing all incoming headers
✅ Answer: A) By enforcing strict identity verification for all internal and external requests
Explanation: Zero Trust ensures that all requests are authenticated and verified, reducing the impact of malicious Host headers.
168. How can companies use AI-driven security tools to detect Host Header Injection attempts?
A) By analyzing traffic patterns and flagging anomalies in Host headers
B) By disabling all API endpoints
C) By forcing password resets
D) By blocking all subdomains
✅ Answer: A) By analyzing traffic patterns and flagging anomalies in Host headers
Explanation: AI-based security tools can identify suspicious variations in Host headers, detecting potential attacks.
169. What role does DNS logging play in detecting Host Header Injection?
A) It helps identify unauthorized domains being used in injection attempts
B) It speeds up API requests
C) It prevents all SQL injection attacks
D) It disables CORS policies
✅ Answer: A) It helps identify unauthorized domains being used in injection attempts
Explanation: DNS logs can reveal unexpected domain resolutions, indicating possible Host Header Injection attacks.
170. Why should security patches be applied regularly to web servers?
A) To fix known vulnerabilities, including Host Header Injection risks
B) To improve server performance
C) To disable all HTTP headers
D) To force users to use VPNs
✅ Answer: A) To fix known vulnerabilities, including Host Header Injection risks
Explanation: Regular updates patch security flaws, reducing the risk of Host Header Injection exploits.
171. Why is it important to set a default Host header in server configurations?
A) To prevent requests with invalid or missing Host headers from being processed
B) To allow users to modify the Host header freely
C) To improve web page load speed
D) To bypass authentication requirements
✅ Answer: A) To prevent requests with invalid or missing Host headers from being processed
Explanation: Setting a default Host header ensures that requests without a valid Host are rejected, reducing the attack surface.
172. What is a major risk of allowing unvalidated Host headers in virtual hosting environments?
A) Attackers can access websites that they should not have permission to view
B) It speeds up website responses
C) It improves database query performance
D) It forces HTTPS for all requests
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can access websites that they should not have permission to view
Explanation: If virtual hosting relies on user-controlled Host headers, attackers can access unauthorized sites on the same server.
173. How does network segmentation help mitigate Host Header Injection risks?
A) By limiting the reach of attacks to specific network zones
B) By encrypting Host headers
C) By preventing browser-based attacks
D) By automatically validating all HTTP requests
✅ Answer: A) By limiting the reach of attacks to specific network zones
Explanation: Network segmentation reduces the impact of an attack by preventing unauthorized access to sensitive systems.
174. How can domain name filtering help prevent Host Header Injection?
A) By allowing only pre-approved domain names in HTTP requests
B) By blocking all API requests
C) By encrypting user credentials in the Host header
D) By forcing all requests to be sent via HTTPS
✅ Answer: A) By allowing only pre-approved domain names in HTTP requests
Explanation: Filtering domain names ensures that only valid and expected hosts are allowed, reducing the risk of injection.
175. Which HTTP header can be used as an alternative to Host when working behind a proxy?
A) X-Forwarded-Host
B) X-Content-Type-Options
C) Referrer-Policy
D) X-Frame-Options
✅ Answer: A) X-Forwarded-Host
Explanation: X-Forwarded-Host is commonly used in proxy environments but must also be validated to prevent spoofing.
176. Why is it a bad practice to use JavaScript to validate Host headers?
A) Attackers can easily bypass client-side validation
B) JavaScript improves security for Host headers
C) JavaScript encrypts Host headers
D) JavaScript prevents Host Header Injection automatically
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can easily bypass client-side validation
Explanation: Client-side validation can be bypassed, so Host headers should always be validated on the server.
177. What is the impact of a Host Header Injection attack on an OAuth-based authentication system?
A) Attackers can manipulate redirection URLs to steal OAuth tokens
B) OAuth automatically blocks Host Header Injection
C) OAuth encrypts Host headers by default
D) OAuth authentication cannot be affected by Host headers
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can manipulate redirection URLs to steal OAuth tokens
Explanation: If OAuth authentication relies on the Host header, an attacker can modify it to redirect tokens to a malicious site.
178. How does a SameSite cookie policy help mitigate Host Header Injection risks?
A) It prevents cookies from being sent in cross-site requests
B) It blocks Host headers from being modified
C) It encrypts session tokens
D) It speeds up API authentication
✅ Answer: A) It prevents cookies from being sent in cross-site requests
Explanation: SameSite cookie policies prevent cookies from being accessed in unauthorized requests, reducing exploitation risks.
179. How can mod_headers in Apache help secure Host headers?
A) By setting strict policies on allowed Host header values
B) By disabling all HTTP headers
C) By allowing unrestricted Host headers
D) By forcing API authentication
✅ Answer: A) By setting strict policies on allowed Host header values
Explanation: mod_headers in Apache can be used to define security rules for Host headers, reducing attack vectors.
180. How does validating Host headers at the load balancer level improve security?
A) It prevents malicious Host headers from reaching backend servers
B) It blocks all HTTP traffic
C) It disables JavaScript execution
D) It speeds up page load times
✅ Answer: A) It prevents malicious Host headers from reaching backend servers
Explanation: Filtering Host headers at the load balancer ensures that only trusted requests are processed by the backend.
181. What is a limitation of using a Content Security Policy (CSP) to prevent Host Header Injection?
A) CSP does not validate HTTP headers
B) CSP automatically blocks all HTTP requests
C) CSP disables session cookies
D) CSP prevents SQL injection
✅ Answer: A) CSP does not validate HTTP headers
Explanation: CSP helps prevent certain attacks like XSS but does not protect against Host Header Injection.
182. How can role-based access control (RBAC) help mitigate Host Header Injection?
A) By ensuring only authorized users can access sensitive resources, even if an attack occurs
B) By encrypting Host headers
C) By blocking all cross-origin requests
D) By increasing API request speeds
✅ Answer: A) By ensuring only authorized users can access sensitive resources, even if an attack occurs
Explanation: RBAC limits the impact of an attack by enforcing strict access controls.
183. Why should security teams conduct periodic penetration testing for Host Header Injection?
A) To identify vulnerabilities before attackers exploit them
B) To disable all HTTP requests
C) To improve DNS resolution times
D) To allow all Host headers
✅ Answer: A) To identify vulnerabilities before attackers exploit them
Explanation: Regular security testing helps organizations proactively fix vulnerabilities before they are abused.
184. How does enforcing a strict API gateway policy help mitigate Host Header Injection?
A) By blocking requests with invalid or unknown Host headers
B) By forcing all requests to use GET
C) By allowing only JavaScript-based requests
D) By encrypting all request headers
✅ Answer: A) By blocking requests with invalid or unknown Host headers
Explanation: Strict API gateway policies ensure only legitimate requests are processed.
185. Why is multi-factor authentication (MFA) important in mitigating Host Header Injection risks?
A) It prevents attackers from exploiting authentication bypass vulnerabilities
B) It speeds up server response times
C) It blocks all JavaScript execution
D) It disables API authentication
✅ Answer: A) It prevents attackers from exploiting authentication bypass vulnerabilities
Explanation: Even if an attacker manipulates a Host header, MFA can provide an additional layer of security.
186. What role does security automation play in Host Header Injection detection?
A) It can automatically flag or block suspicious Host headers in real-time
B) It increases page load speed
C) It forces all requests to use HTTP
D) It disables API authentication
✅ Answer: A) It can automatically flag or block suspicious Host headers in real-time
Explanation: Security automation helps detect and mitigate attacks in real-time.
187. Why is logging and monitoring important for detecting Host Header Injection attempts?
A) It allows early detection of suspicious Host header modifications
B) It speeds up API request handling
C) It disables session management
D) It prevents CAPTCHA verification
✅ Answer: A) It allows early detection of suspicious Host header modifications
Explanation: Monitoring logs can help security teams respond to threats quickly.
188. What is a risk of allowing wildcard SSL certificates without Host header validation?
A) Attackers can spoof subdomains to perform phishing attacks
B) It increases website load speed
C) It disables API endpoints
D) It blocks Host Header Injection
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can spoof subdomains to perform phishing attacks
Explanation: Wildcard certificates combined with unvalidated Host headers can lead to domain spoofing attacks.
189. Why should companies disable insecure HTTP methods in addition to validating Host headers?
A) To reduce the attack surface for Host Header Injection
B) To speed up website caching
C) To allow unrestricted API requests
D) To disable session cookies
✅ Answer: A) To reduce the attack surface for Host Header Injection
Explanation: Disabling insecure HTTP methods like TRACE and OPTIONS helps minimize attack vectors.
190. How can adopting a Zero Trust model help prevent Host Header Injection?
A) By enforcing strict access control policies for every request
B) By disabling API logging
C) By forcing all requests to be unauthenticated
D) By blocking all web traffic
✅ Answer: A) By enforcing strict access control policies for every request
Explanation: Zero Trust ensures that all requests are verified, reducing the risk of injection attacks.
191. How does the principle of least privilege (PoLP) help mitigate the impact of Host Header Injection?
A) By limiting access to sensitive systems even if an attacker gains some level of access
B) By encrypting all Host headers automatically
C) By disabling all HTTP requests
D) By forcing browsers to reject Host headers
✅ Answer: A) By limiting access to sensitive systems even if an attacker gains some level of access
Explanation: Applying least privilege ensures that even if an attacker exploits Host Header Injection, they cannot escalate their access.
192. Why should organizations conduct red team assessments to test for Host Header Injection vulnerabilities?
A) To simulate real-world attacks and uncover security weaknesses before malicious actors do
B) To block all API requests
C) To increase website loading speeds
D) To allow unrestricted Host headers for testing purposes
✅ Answer: A) To simulate real-world attacks and uncover security weaknesses before malicious actors do
Explanation: Red team assessments help identify vulnerabilities, including Host Header Injection, by simulating real-world attack scenarios.
193. What is the primary danger of chaining Host Header Injection with other vulnerabilities like XSS?
A) Attackers can gain full control over an application’s user sessions and sensitive data
B) It speeds up website performance
C) It prevents SQL injection
D) It automatically encrypts all requests
✅ Answer: A) Attackers can gain full control over an application’s user sessions and sensitive data
Explanation: When Host Header Injection is combined with vulnerabilities like XSS, attackers can execute malicious scripts and steal sensitive data.
194. Why is it important to validate Host headers even in internal applications?
A) Internal applications may still be vulnerable to insider threats and misconfigured requests
B) Internal applications are never vulnerable to injection attacks
C) Host headers are automatically secured in private networks
D) Internal applications do not process HTTP requests
✅ Answer: A) Internal applications may still be vulnerable to insider threats and misconfigured requests
Explanation: Even internal applications should validate Host headers to protect against insider threats and misconfigurations.
195. How can multi-factor authentication (MFA) reduce the effectiveness of phishing attacks leveraging Host Header Injection?
A) By requiring additional authentication steps that attackers cannot easily bypass
B) By encrypting the Host header
C) By automatically logging users out when a Host header is modified
D) By blocking all HTTP traffic
✅ Answer: A) By requiring additional authentication steps that attackers cannot easily bypass
Explanation: MFA adds an extra layer of security, making it harder for attackers to exploit Host Header Injection for phishing.
196. How can automated security scanning tools detect Host Header Injection vulnerabilities?
A) By sending modified Host headers and analyzing application responses
B) By modifying JavaScript on the client side
C) By checking only for SQL injection
D) By disabling all HTTP headers
✅ Answer: A) By sending modified Host headers and analyzing application responses
Explanation: Security scanners test for Host Header Injection by manipulating headers and observing how the server reacts.
197. How does logging unexpected Host headers contribute to incident response?
A) It allows security teams to identify and investigate suspicious activities early
B) It speeds up server response times
C) It disables session cookies
D) It prevents CAPTCHA verification
✅ Answer: A) It allows security teams to identify and investigate suspicious activities early
Explanation: Logging anomalies in Host headers can help detect attacks before they cause significant damage.
198. What is the benefit of implementing security headers like Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS) along with Host header validation?
A) It ensures that all requests use HTTPS, reducing MITM risks that could modify Host headers
B) It blocks all Host headers
C) It speeds up HTTP request processing
D) It prevents all JavaScript execution
✅ Answer: A) It ensures that all requests use HTTPS, reducing MITM risks that could modify Host headers
Explanation: HSTS forces secure HTTPS connections, making it harder for attackers to manipulate Host headers in transit.
199. Why should organizations include Host Header Injection testing in their DevSecOps pipeline?
A) To identify and fix security issues early in the development lifecycle
B) To block all API requests by default
C) To disable logging of HTTP requests
D) To force all users to authenticate using IP addresses
✅ Answer: A) To identify and fix security issues early in the development lifecycle
Explanation: Integrating security testing, including Host Header Injection checks, into DevSecOps ensures vulnerabilities are detected before deployment.
200. What is a recommended best practice for handling Host headers in cloud-based applications?
A) Using a strict allowlist to accept only predefined Host headers
B) Allowing all incoming Host headers
C) Storing Host headers in local storage
D) Disabling all security headers
✅ Answer: A) Using a strict allowlist to accept only predefined Host headers
Explanation: Validating Host headers against a strict allowlist ensures that only legitimate requests are processed.