1. What is HTTP Response Splitting?
A) A method used to speed up HTTP responses
B) An attack where an attacker manipulates HTTP headers to inject a malicious response
C) A technique for compressing HTTP responses
D) A way to balance traffic between multiple web servers
Answer: B) An attack where an attacker manipulates HTTP headers to inject a malicious response
Explanation:
HTTP Response Splitting is an injection attack where an attacker inserts malicious header data into HTTP responses, leading to security vulnerabilities such as cache poisoning, XSS, and open redirection.
2. Which HTTP header is commonly exploited in an HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) Content-Type
B) User-Agent
C) Host
D) Location
Answer: D) Location
Explanation:
The Location header is often exploited because it is used for HTTP redirects. If an attacker injects CRLF characters (\r\n), they can manipulate HTTP responses and insert additional headers or body content.
3. What characters are used in HTTP Response Splitting to create a new header?
A) %20 (space character)
B) \r\n (Carriage Return + Line Feed)
C) \t (Tab character)
D) %00 (NULL byte)
Answer: B) \r\n (Carriage Return + Line Feed)
Explanation:CRLF (\r\n) characters signal the end of an HTTP header line. Attackers inject these characters to split the HTTP response and add new headers or content, leading to security issues.
4. What is one of the main security risks associated with HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
B) SQL Injection
C) Path Traversal
D) Brute Force Attacks
Answer: A) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Explanation:
By injecting malicious headers, attackers can create Reflected XSS payloads in HTTP responses, leading to script execution in a victim’s browser.
5. What is Cache Poisoning in the context of HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Overloading a web cache to slow down a website
B) Injecting malicious content into a cacheable response
C) A technique to clear browser cache
D) Using cookies to track user sessions
Answer: B) Injecting malicious content into a cacheable response
Explanation:
Attackers exploit HTTP Response Splitting to inject malicious data into a cached response, which affects all users who receive the poisoned response from the cache.
6. How can an attacker use HTTP Response Splitting for session fixation?
A) Injecting a fake session ID in the HTTP response
B) Encrypting session cookies
C) Modifying URL parameters
D) Performing a brute force attack
Answer: A) Injecting a fake session ID in the HTTP response
Explanation:
An attacker can inject a Set-Cookie header in the response to assign a malicious session ID, leading to session hijacking when the victim uses the attacker-controlled session.
7. What is a key method to prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Using weak encryption algorithms
B) Disabling Content Security Policy (CSP)
C) Properly sanitizing and encoding user input
D) Allowing user-controlled headers
Answer: C) Properly sanitizing and encoding user input
Explanation:
To prevent HTTP Response Splitting, applications must validate and sanitize user input, ensuring that CRLF characters (\r\n) are not allowed in input that affects HTTP headers.
8. What is the typical impact of HTTP Response Splitting on web applications?
A) Slows down website performance
B) Bypasses firewall protections
C) Allows injection of arbitrary HTTP headers and responses
D) Makes browsers load faster
Answer: C) Allows injection of arbitrary HTTP headers and responses
Explanation:
HTTP Response Splitting enables attackers to inject arbitrary headers, manipulate content, and create security vulnerabilities such as cache poisoning and XSS.
9. Which web vulnerability scanner can detect HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Nikto
B) Burp Suite
C) Wireshark
D) John the Ripper
Answer: B) Burp Suite
Explanation:
Burp Suite can detect HTTP Response Splitting by sending test payloads containing \r\n characters and analyzing the server’s response.
10. Which HTTP status codes indicate a redirect that can be exploited in an HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) 200 and 500
B) 301 and 302
C) 404 and 403
D) 204 and 205
Answer: B) 301 and 302
Explanation:
Redirects (301 Moved Permanently, 302 Found) are commonly targeted because they include the Location header, which can be manipulated via HTTP Response Splitting.
11. How does HTTP Response Splitting differ from HTTP Header Injection?
A) It does not differ; they are the same attack
B) Response Splitting allows full response control, while Header Injection modifies only headers
C) Header Injection is more dangerous than Response Splitting
D) Response Splitting only affects caching mechanisms
Answer: B) Response Splitting allows full response control, while Header Injection modifies only headers
Explanation:
While both attacks involve injecting headers, Response Splitting allows an attacker to create additional responses, whereas Header Injection only modifies existing headers.
12. Why do modern browsers help mitigate HTTP Response Splitting?
A) They block all HTTP requests
B) They encode \r\n characters in URLs automatically
C) They prevent redirects
D) They encrypt all HTTP traffic
Answer: B) They encode \r\n characters in URLs automatically
Explanation:
Modern browsers automatically encode newline characters to prevent HTTP Response Splitting attacks. However, some vulnerable applications may still allow it.
13. What happens if a web application does not properly sanitize user input in response headers?
A) Users will be unable to access the website
B) The website will become slower
C) The application may be vulnerable to HTTP Response Splitting
D) The website will have better performance
Answer: C) The application may be vulnerable to HTTP Response Splitting
Explanation:
Failing to sanitize user input in HTTP headers can allow attackers to inject malicious payloads, leading to Response Splitting vulnerabilities.
14. Which of the following mitigates HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Using HTTP/2 instead of HTTP/1.1
B) Encoding user input before inserting it into headers
C) Allowing user input in the HTTP headers
D) Using static HTML pages
Answer: B) Encoding user input before inserting it into headers
Explanation:
Proper input encoding (e.g., rejecting \r\n characters) ensures user-controlled data cannot modify HTTP headers.
15. How can WAF (Web Application Firewall) help mitigate HTTP Response Splitting?
A) By blocking HTTP GET requests
B) By filtering out malicious header injections
C) By limiting the number of visitors
D) By encrypting HTTP headers
Answer: B) By filtering out malicious header injections
Explanation:
A WAF can detect and block CRLF injection attempts, preventing HTTP Response Splitting attacks.
16. In an HTTP Response Splitting attack, what is the primary goal of injecting CRLF (\r\n)?
A) To break the connection between the client and server
B) To create new HTTP headers or modify response structure
C) To force the server to close all sessions
D) To perform a brute force attack
Answer: B) To create new HTTP headers or modify response structure
Explanation:
By injecting CRLF characters, an attacker can manipulate HTTP responses, creating new headers or splitting the response to deliver malicious content.
17. What is an example of a possible payload used in HTTP Response Splitting?
A) HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nSet-Cookie: session=attacker\r\n\r\n
B) <script>alert(1)</script>
C) DROP TABLE users;
D) echo "Hello World";
Answer: A) HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nSet-Cookie: session=attacker\r\n\r\n
Explanation:
An attacker can use a response splitting payload to inject a malicious Set-Cookie header, modifying user sessions.
18. Which type of attack can HTTP Response Splitting lead to?
A) Path Traversal
B) Buffer Overflow
C) Cache Poisoning
D) SQL Injection
Answer: C) Cache Poisoning
Explanation:
HTTP Response Splitting can inject malicious responses into a web cache, affecting multiple users retrieving cached content.
19. What happens if a web server accepts \r\n characters in user input?
A) The input is automatically discarded
B) The user input is treated as a normal string
C) The server may allow an attacker to manipulate the HTTP response
D) The web page loads faster
Answer: C) The server may allow an attacker to manipulate the HTTP response
Explanation:
Accepting \r\n allows an attacker to inject new headers or manipulate responses, leading to security issues.
20. Which of the following headers is NOT typically manipulated in an HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) Content-Type
B) Location
C) Set-Cookie
D) User-Agent
Answer: D) User-Agent
Explanation:
Headers like Location and Set-Cookie are manipulated to redirect users or hijack sessions, while User-Agent is rarely used in response splitting attacks.
21. How can developers prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Allowing user input in headers
B) Using POST requests instead of GET
C) Encoding and validating user input before inserting it into HTTP headers
D) Removing all headers from responses
Answer: C) Encoding and validating user input before inserting it into HTTP headers
Explanation:
Proper encoding ensures that user-supplied input cannot introduce unwanted headers or CRLF characters.
22. What role does URL encoding play in mitigating HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It converts special characters into their ASCII values
B) It removes malicious code from the URL
C) It encrypts HTTP requests
D) It improves page load speed
Answer: A) It converts special characters into their ASCII values
Explanation:
By encoding \r\n as %0D%0A, the server treats them as plain text rather than control characters.
23. HTTP Response Splitting can be categorized as which type of attack?
A) Injection attack
B) Man-in-the-middle attack
C) DoS attack
D) Cryptographic attack
Answer: A) Injection attack
Explanation:
It is an injection attack where the attacker injects malicious control characters into HTTP responses.
24. What is a key difference between HTTP Response Splitting and HTTP Smuggling?
A) Response Splitting affects responses; Smuggling affects requests
B) Smuggling is easier to detect than Response Splitting
C) Response Splitting only occurs in TLS-encrypted connections
D) Smuggling is a client-side vulnerability
Answer: A) Response Splitting affects responses; Smuggling affects requests
Explanation:
Response Splitting manipulates server responses, whereas Request Smuggling exploits HTTP request handling between front-end and back-end servers.
25. In HTTP Response Splitting, what happens when an injected response is cached by a proxy server?
A) Only the attacker can see the modified response
B) The entire website becomes inaccessible
C) Other users may receive the malicious cached response
D) The browser detects and blocks the response
Answer: C) Other users may receive the malicious cached response
Explanation:
If a manipulated response is cached, it can serve the attacker’s content to multiple users.
26. What makes HTTP Response Splitting more dangerous in shared hosting environments?
A) The attack affects all websites on the server
B) It only impacts the attacker’s site
C) Shared hosting environments automatically prevent the attack
D) It increases the page load time
Answer: A) The attack affects all websites on the server
Explanation:
In shared hosting, multiple websites use the same server, increasing the attack’s scope.
27. What is a potential risk of HTTP Response Splitting on webmail services?
A) Attackers can log in to users’ email accounts
B) Attackers can manipulate email headers to send phishing emails
C) The email service crashes
D) The victim is logged out
Answer: B) Attackers can manipulate email headers to send phishing emails
Explanation:
By injecting headers, attackers can modify email content and trick users into responding to fake emails.
28. What security header can help mitigate response injection attacks?
A) X-Frame-Options
B) Content Security Policy (CSP)
C) Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)
D) X-Content-Type-Options
Answer: B) Content Security Policy (CSP)
Explanation:
CSP can restrict where scripts and content load from, reducing the impact of injected scripts.
29. Why do many modern web frameworks automatically reject \r\n in user input?
A) To prevent HTTP Response Splitting attacks
B) To make log files smaller
C) To improve search engine rankings
D) To reduce server load
Answer: A) To prevent HTTP Response Splitting attacks
Explanation:
Modern frameworks sanitize and encode special characters to prevent injection vulnerabilities.
30. Which programming language’s header() function is commonly targeted in HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) Python
B) PHP
C) C++
D) Ruby
Answer: B) PHP
Explanation:
PHP’s header() function allows setting HTTP headers, making it a common target if input is not sanitized.
31. What role does Content-Length play in HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) Attackers manipulate Content-Length to split the response
B) It prevents all injection attacks
C) It encrypts HTTP headers
D) It determines the length of a user’s session
Answer: A) Attackers manipulate Content-Length to split the response
Explanation:
An incorrect Content-Length value can allow the attacker to create multiple responses.
32. What does an attacker achieve by inserting \r\nSet-Cookie: session=malicious into a response?
A) Hijacks a user’s session
B) Deletes all cookies
C) Bypasses authentication
D) Corrupts the database
Answer: A) Hijacks a user’s session
Explanation:
A malicious Set-Cookie header can assign an attacker-controlled session to the victim.
33. Which HTTP method is most commonly used in Response Splitting attacks?
A) GET
B) POST
C) DELETE
D) TRACE
Answer: A) GET
Explanation:
GET requests are more susceptible since they involve direct URL parameters, making it easier to inject headers.
34. What makes HTTP Response Splitting particularly dangerous in multi-user applications?
A) It only affects the attacker’s session
B) It allows modifying responses for multiple users
C) It crashes the server
D) It can only be executed once per session
Answer: B) It allows modifying responses for multiple users
Explanation:
If the attack is successful, every user accessing the poisoned response may receive manipulated data, making it dangerous in multi-user environments.
35. Which of the following is an example of an injected HTTP Response Splitting payload?
A) \r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n<script>alert('Hacked')</script>
B) ../etc/passwd
C) <img src=x onerror=alert(1)>
D) ' OR 1=1 --
Answer: A) \r\nContent-Length: 0\r\n\r\n<script>alert('Hacked')</script>
Explanation:
This payload inserts a new Content-Length header and JavaScript payload, allowing an attacker to modify the response.
36. Why is HTTP Response Splitting considered an indirect attack?
A) It does not require user interaction
B) It exploits a server-side vulnerability but affects users
C) It only occurs in encrypted traffic
D) The attacker modifies database records
Answer: B) It exploits a server-side vulnerability but affects users
Explanation:
HTTP Response Splitting targets the server’s response handling, but its effects are seen on clients interacting with the manipulated response.
37. What is a primary sign of an HTTP Response Splitting attack in web logs?
A) 500 Internal Server Error messages
B) Multiple instances of \r\n appearing in unexpected locations
C) Increase in CPU usage
D) Unauthorized file modifications
Answer: B) Multiple instances of \r\n appearing in unexpected locations
Explanation:
Since attackers inject CRLF characters (\r\n), unexpected new headers or split responses may appear in server logs or debugging output.
38. In what scenario can HTTP Response Splitting lead to Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)?
A) When an attacker injects malicious JavaScript into a response
B) When the server sends an incorrect MIME type
C) When the browser blocks HTTP requests
D) When a user fails authentication
Answer: A) When an attacker injects malicious JavaScript into a response
Explanation:
If an attacker injects JavaScript into a response via HTTP Response Splitting, they can trigger an XSS attack on victims accessing the poisoned response.
39. How does HTTP Response Splitting relate to Header Injection?
A) Header Injection modifies headers, but Response Splitting can create new responses
B) Header Injection is always more dangerous than Response Splitting
C) Header Injection only occurs in HTTPS traffic
D) They are completely unrelated
Answer: A) Header Injection modifies headers, but Response Splitting can create new responses
Explanation:
While Header Injection manipulates existing headers, Response Splitting allows injecting additional headers and even full responses.
40. Which of the following statements about HTTP Response Splitting is true?
A) It is a client-side attack
B) It cannot be executed without user input
C) It affects how HTTP responses are structured
D) It only impacts API endpoints
Answer: C) It affects how HTTP responses are structured
Explanation:
HTTP Response Splitting allows an attacker to alter the structure of an HTTP response, potentially injecting extra headers or responses.
41. Which security mechanism helps detect HTTP Response Splitting attempts?
A) Content Security Policy (CSP)
B) Web Application Firewall (WAF)
C) Secure Boot
D) Secure DNS
Answer: B) Web Application Firewall (WAF)
Explanation:
A WAF can detect and block suspicious requests containing \r\n characters, which are commonly used in HTTP Response Splitting attacks.
42. Why are improperly validated user inputs a risk for HTTP Response Splitting?
A) They can introduce unwanted line breaks in HTTP headers
B) They slow down website performance
C) They prevent cache optimization
D) They improve browser security
Answer: A) They can introduce unwanted line breaks in HTTP headers
Explanation:
Improper validation allows attackers to inject CRLF characters, leading to manipulated HTTP responses.
43. Why is encoding newline characters (\r\n) effective against HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It makes responses load faster
B) It prevents browsers from processing them as control characters
C) It changes the response to HTTPS
D) It removes all headers from the response
Answer: B) It prevents browsers from processing them as control characters
Explanation:
Encoding CRLF characters as %0D%0A ensures they are treated as regular text rather than breaking headers.
44. What role does proper HTTP header structure play in preventing response splitting?
A) It ensures headers cannot be modified dynamically
B) It limits the number of headers in a response
C) It forces the browser to ignore certain headers
D) It prevents attackers from injecting new headers or responses
Answer: D) It prevents attackers from injecting new headers or responses
Explanation:
Following a strict header structure and validation process prevents the injection of unexpected headers.
45. What happens if an attacker successfully injects \r\nLocation: https://malicious.com\r\n\r\n into a response?
A) The server is permanently compromised
B) The attacker gains full control of the website
C) The user is redirected to a malicious website
D) The server logs all user activity
Answer: C) The user is redirected to a malicious website
Explanation:
By injecting a malicious Location header, the attacker forces victims to be redirected to a phishing or malware-infected site.
46. How do security-focused web frameworks prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) By blocking all user input
B) By automatically encoding and validating headers
C) By enforcing HTTPS-only connections
D) By increasing caching policies
Answer: B) By automatically encoding and validating headers
Explanation:
Modern frameworks automatically escape and validate user input to prevent CRLF injection attacks.
47. Which industry security standard recommends input validation to prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) PCI DSS
B) OWASP Secure Coding Practices
C) ISO 9001
D) ITIL
Answer: B) OWASP Secure Coding Practices
Explanation:
OWASP Secure Coding Practices recommend input validation and output encoding to mitigate injection-based attacks.
48. In a penetration test, how can an ethical hacker check for HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities?
A) By manually testing user input with \r\n sequences
B) By running a SQL Injection attack
C) By scanning the site with Google Dorking
D) By monitoring HTTP requests with Wireshark
Answer: A) By manually testing user input with \r\n sequences
Explanation:
Ethical hackers can input CRLF sequences in user-controlled parameters to check if the server improperly processes them.
49. What happens if an attacker successfully manipulates the Content-Type header in an HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) The victim’s browser may execute unintended JavaScript or display raw code
B) The attack fails
C) The server automatically corrects the response
D) The website blocks the request
Answer: A) The victim’s browser may execute unintended JavaScript or display raw code
Explanation:
Manipulating the Content-Type header can force a browser to incorrectly interpret content, potentially executing malicious scripts.
50. How can developers test their applications for HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities?
A) By manually injecting \r\n in input fields
B) By checking for missing SSL certificates
C) By analyzing the HTML structure of the page
D) By increasing request timeouts
Answer: A) By manually injecting \r\n in input fields
Explanation:
Developers can test for HTTP Response Splitting by injecting CRLF characters and observing if they modify HTTP headers.
51. What is a real-world consequence of HTTP Response Splitting in e-commerce websites?
A) The website crashes permanently
B) The attacker can modify checkout prices or order details
C) It makes all user data publicly available
D) It forces users to enter CAPTCHA for authentication
Answer: B) The attacker can modify checkout prices or order details
Explanation:
By injecting malicious responses, an attacker might manipulate order data, causing incorrect pricing or fraudulent transactions.
52. Why do Content Delivery Networks (CDNs) make HTTP Response Splitting attacks more dangerous?
A) CDNs reduce the website’s response time
B) Malicious responses can be cached and served to many users
C) CDNs block security updates
D) CDNs prevent URL encoding
Answer: B) Malicious responses can be cached and served to many users
Explanation:
If a poisoned response is cached, it spreads malicious content to all users accessing the cached version.
53. How can HTTP Response Splitting be used to manipulate cookie settings?
A) By injecting Set-Cookie headers into responses
B) By modifying the User-Agent string
C) By exploiting DNS cache poisoning
D) By running a brute force attack on cookies
Answer: A) By injecting Set-Cookie headers into responses
Explanation:
Attackers inject Set-Cookie headers to assign malicious session cookies, leading to session fixation or hijacking.
54. What role does the Referer header play in HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) It prevents response splitting attacks
B) It allows tracking the origin of HTTP requests
C) It is used to inject CRLF characters
D) It enables brute force login attempts
Answer: C) It is used to inject CRLF characters
Explanation:
Some poorly validated Referer headers can be injected with CRLF characters, leading to response splitting.
55. Which server-side scripting language is most vulnerable to HTTP Response Splitting?
A) C++
B) JavaScript
C) PHP
D) Swift
Answer: C) PHP
Explanation:
PHP’s header() function directly modifies HTTP responses, making it a common target for HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities.
56. What impact does HTTP Response Splitting have on security headers like X-Frame-Options?
A) It prevents them from being sent
B) It allows attackers to modify or remove them
C) It encrypts them
D) It improves browser security
Answer: B) It allows attackers to modify or remove them
Explanation:
If an attacker injects new headers, they can override security headers, disabling protections like X-Frame-Options and making users vulnerable to Clickjacking attacks.
57. How does a load balancer influence HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It completely prevents response splitting
B) It allows attackers to manipulate traffic distribution
C) It can increase the impact if it does not validate headers correctly
D) It forces encryption of all responses
Answer: C) It can increase the impact if it does not validate headers correctly
Explanation:
Some improperly configured load balancers do not filter malicious headers, allowing wider attack impact across multiple servers.
58. In HTTP Response Splitting, what happens if an attacker manipulates the Expires header?
A) The browser immediately logs the user out
B) The attacker can control how long a response is cached
C) The server refuses to process the request
D) The request is redirected to the home page
Answer: B) The attacker can control how long a response is cached
Explanation:
By modifying the Expires header, attackers can extend the lifespan of malicious responses, causing persistent cache poisoning.
59. What kind of encoding can help mitigate HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Base64 encoding
B) HTML entity encoding
C) URL encoding
D) UTF-16 encoding
Answer: C) URL encoding
Explanation:
Encoding special characters like \r\n prevents browsers from interpreting them as control characters, reducing the risk of injection attacks.
60. How can developers test their web application for HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities?
A) By injecting %0D%0A in URL parameters and observing responses
B) By checking the browser’s error console
C) By enabling verbose logging in the database
D) By blocking all external traffic
Answer: A) By injecting %0D%0A in URL parameters and observing responses
Explanation:
A simple test involves inserting encoded CRLF characters (%0D%0A) in user input fields and checking for unintended response changes.
61. Which of the following is NOT a consequence of HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
B) SQL Injection
C) Cache Poisoning
D) Session Fixation
Answer: B) SQL Injection
Explanation:
SQL Injection affects databases, whereas HTTP Response Splitting affects HTTP headers and responses.
62. How does an attacker execute an HTTP Response Splitting attack in a redirect-based vulnerability?
A) By injecting CRLF into the Location header
B) By modifying the HTTP version
C) By sending a malformed DNS query
D) By setting a long cookie value
Answer: A) By injecting CRLF into the Location header
Explanation:
Attackers can modify the Location header to redirect users to malicious sites.
63. Why does HTTP/2 reduce the likelihood of HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It uses binary framing instead of plaintext headers
B) It blocks all GET requests
C) It removes all user input from requests
D) It forces encryption
Answer: A) It uses binary framing instead of plaintext headers
Explanation:
HTTP/2 uses binary encoding, preventing direct injection of CRLF characters in HTTP headers.
64. What tool can be used to detect HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities?
A) Metasploit
B) Burp Suite
C) SQLmap
D) Hydra
Answer: B) Burp Suite
Explanation:
Burp Suite can send test payloads containing CRLF characters and detect response anomalies.
65. How do modern browsers help prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) They block all HTTP responses containing headers
B) They encode user input to prevent CRLF injection
C) They require JavaScript to send HTTP requests
D) They disable redirects automatically
Answer: B) They encode user input to prevent CRLF injection
Explanation:
Modern browsers automatically encode newlines to prevent unintended header modifications.
66. What happens if a website allows HTTP Response Splitting on login pages?
A) Users cannot log in
B) Attackers can manipulate authentication cookies
C) The website automatically blocks the response
D) Users see an HTTP 404 error
Answer: B) Attackers can manipulate authentication cookies
Explanation:
If an attacker injects a Set-Cookie header, they can steal or fixate sessions.
67. What response header should be checked for HTTP Response Splitting exploitation?
A) Location
B) Server
C) Etag
D) X-Powered-By
Answer: A) Location
Explanation:Location headers are often manipulated in redirection-based response splitting attacks.
68. How do Content Security Policy (CSP) headers help mitigate response injection attacks?
A) They prevent external script execution
B) They encrypt all HTTP traffic
C) They disable cookies
D) They remove HTTP headers
Answer: A) They prevent external script execution
Explanation:
A strong CSP can block execution of injected scripts, reducing the impact of an XSS attack via Response Splitting.
69. How can improper implementation of Set-Cookie headers in HTTP Response Splitting be exploited?
A) Attackers can set their own authentication cookies
B) Users will be logged out immediately
C) The browser will block the response
D) It will encrypt the connection
Answer: A) Attackers can set their own authentication cookies
Explanation:
By injecting a Set-Cookie header, attackers can override user sessions, leading to session hijacking or fixation.
70. Why is CRLF (\r\n) important in HTTP headers?
A) It marks the end of a line and allows new headers to be added
B) It compresses HTTP headers
C) It improves server performance
D) It prevents XSS attacks
Answer: A) It marks the end of a line and allows new headers to be added
Explanation:
CRLF (\r\n) is used in HTTP headers to separate headers and indicate new ones, which makes it a target for injection attacks.
71. Which type of web application is most vulnerable to HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Static websites
B) Web applications with dynamic user input in HTTP headers
C) Websites with no login functionality
D) Encrypted websites using HTTPS
Answer: B) Web applications with dynamic user input in HTTP headers
Explanation:
Web applications that dynamically generate headers based on user input are at higher risk if they fail to sanitize input properly.
72. In a penetration test, what would indicate a successful HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) The server returns an error message
B) The injected response appears in the HTTP response
C) The attacker receives an email alert
D) The page loads faster
Answer: B) The injected response appears in the HTTP response
Explanation:
If an attack is successful, the injected headers or manipulated response will appear in the HTTP response, confirming the vulnerability.
73. How does Content-Length manipulation contribute to HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It allows attackers to confuse the server about where responses end
B) It removes existing cookies
C) It disables the firewall
D) It forces all users to be logged out
Answer: A) It allows attackers to confuse the server about where responses end
Explanation:
Modifying Content-Length can control how much of the response is read, enabling attackers to inject malicious responses.
74. How do security logs help detect HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) By showing duplicate or unexpected headers
B) By improving website performance
C) By encrypting response data
D) By modifying session cookies
Answer: A) By showing duplicate or unexpected headers
Explanation:
Security logs may reveal duplicate or injected headers, which indicate an HTTP Response Splitting attempt.
75. Why is user-controlled input in HTTP headers dangerous?
A) It allows attackers to modify server configurations
B) It can enable injection attacks like Response Splitting
C) It prevents legitimate traffic
D) It slows down the server
Answer: B) It can enable injection attacks like Response Splitting
Explanation:
Allowing user-controlled input in headers without validation can lead to header manipulation and HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities.
76. How can a Content Security Policy (CSP) help mitigate HTTP Response Splitting?
A) By limiting the execution of injected scripts
B) By blocking all HTTP requests
C) By disabling all cookies
D) By encrypting HTTP traffic
Answer: A) By limiting the execution of injected scripts
Explanation:
A CSP restricts the execution of scripts, reducing the impact of XSS attacks caused by injected responses.
77. What is a potential risk of modifying the Location header without proper validation?
A) Open Redirect Vulnerabilities
B) Database Corruption
C) Server Downtime
D) Memory Leaks
Answer: A) Open Redirect Vulnerabilities
Explanation:
An attacker can manipulate the Location header to redirect users to malicious sites.
78. How does URL encoding mitigate HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It converts control characters into harmless encoded values
B) It prevents session expiration
C) It disables JavaScript
D) It compresses HTTP responses
Answer: A) It converts control characters into harmless encoded values
Explanation:
Encoding user input ensures CRLF characters (\r\n) are not interpreted as actual HTTP control characters.
79. What is the most effective server-side solution to prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Removing all user input from responses
B) Validating and sanitizing user-controlled header input
C) Disabling cookies
D) Allowing unrestricted header modifications
Answer: B) Validating and sanitizing user-controlled header input
Explanation:
The best way to prevent Response Splitting is to validate and encode all user input used in HTTP headers.
80. What does improper handling of HTTP headers allow attackers to do?
A) Inject new responses and headers
B) Bypass firewall rules
C) Reduce website load time
D) Encrypt all HTTP responses
Answer: A) Inject new responses and headers
Explanation:
Improper handling of headers can lead to injection attacks, where attackers introduce new headers or manipulate responses.
81. What is the primary cause of HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Misconfigured Content Security Policy
B) Unsanitized user input affecting HTTP headers
C) Too many simultaneous connections to the server
D) Weak SSL/TLS encryption
Answer: B) Unsanitized user input affecting HTTP headers
Explanation:
HTTP Response Splitting occurs when user-controlled input is inserted into HTTP headers without proper sanitization.
82. Which of the following is an example of a properly encoded CRLF character?
A) \r\n
B) %0D%0A
C) \\r\\n
D) !@#$%^&*
Answer: B) %0D%0A
Explanation:%0D%0A is URL-encoded CRLF, preventing it from being interpreted as a new HTTP header line.
83. What type of input validation is most effective against HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Allowing all special characters
B) Rejecting or encoding CRLF characters
C) Disabling input fields
D) Using JavaScript for validation
Answer: B) Rejecting or encoding CRLF characters
Explanation:
By removing or encoding CRLF sequences, applications prevent attackers from injecting new HTTP headers.
84. Which HTTP response header can be used to prevent unauthorized content modification?
A) Cache-Control
B) Strict-Transport-Security
C) Content-Security-Policy
D) X-Content-Type-Options
Answer: C) Content-Security-Policy
Explanation:
A CSP helps prevent malicious script execution, reducing the impact of injected responses.
85. Why is X-Frame-Options important in the context of HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It prevents Clickjacking attacks
B) It encrypts HTTP responses
C) It prevents request smuggling
D) It disables JavaScript
Answer: A) It prevents Clickjacking attacks
Explanation:
If an attacker injects a response that modifies framing behavior, X-Frame-Options can prevent Clickjacking exploits.
86. Which type of web server is most commonly affected by HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Servers that process user input directly into headers
B) Static HTML servers
C) Servers that use only encrypted connections
D) Load balancers
Answer: A) Servers that process user input directly into headers
Explanation:
Servers that directly insert user input into HTTP headers without sanitization are highly vulnerable.
87. How can an attacker use HTTP Response Splitting to perform a phishing attack?
A) By sending spam emails
B) By injecting a malicious Location header to redirect users to a fake login page
C) By modifying firewall rules
D) By encrypting traffic
Answer: B) By injecting a malicious Location header to redirect users to a fake login page
Explanation:
By manipulating the Location header, an attacker can redirect users to a phishing page, tricking them into entering credentials.
88. Which of the following server responses would indicate a possible HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) 404 Not Found
B) 200 OK with duplicate or unexpected headers
C) 500 Internal Server Error
D) 302 Redirect to the homepage
Answer: B) 200 OK with duplicate or unexpected headers
Explanation:
A successful HTTP Response Splitting attack often results in duplicate or injected headers appearing in the response.
89. What is the best way to handle user-supplied input in HTTP headers?
A) Allow all characters for flexibility
B) Convert all input to uppercase
C) Encode or reject \r\n sequences in user input
D) Strip out all numbers and symbols
Answer: C) Encode or reject \r\n sequences in user input
Explanation:
By removing or encoding \r\n, developers prevent attackers from injecting new headers or splitting responses.
90. Why is header injection prevention critical for multi-tenant web applications?
A) Because it improves SEO rankings
B) Because it allows multiple users to modify responses
C) Because an attack on one tenant can affect all users on the shared system
D) Because it reduces response times
Answer: C) Because an attack on one tenant can affect all users on the shared system
Explanation:
In multi-tenant environments, if one vulnerable application allows Response Splitting, all tenants could be affected.
91. How does HTTP Response Splitting relate to HTTP Smuggling?
A) Both exploit weaknesses in HTTP request handling
B) HTTP Response Splitting affects only front-end servers
C) HTTP Smuggling is only possible in HTTPS connections
D) They are unrelated
Answer: A) Both exploit weaknesses in HTTP request handling
Explanation:
Both attacks exploit weaknesses in how servers interpret HTTP headers and responses, but Response Splitting affects responses, while Smuggling manipulates requests.
92. What role does a Web Application Firewall (WAF) play in mitigating HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It encrypts all HTTP headers
B) It blocks HTTP GET requests
C) It detects and blocks requests containing CRLF sequences (\r\n)
D) It removes all cookies
Answer: C) It detects and blocks requests containing CRLF sequences (\r\n)
Explanation:
A WAF can identify and block malicious payloads, preventing CRLF injection used in Response Splitting attacks.
93. Which attack is most likely to occur after a successful HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) SQL Injection
B) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
C) Buffer Overflow
D) Port Scanning
Answer: B) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Explanation:
Attackers can inject JavaScript into a manipulated response, leading to Reflected or Stored XSS attacks.
**94. Why is HTTP Response Splitting difficult to detect manually?
A) Because it does not generate error messages
B) Because it only works in outdated browsers
C) Because it requires administrative access
D) Because browsers automatically prevent all header injections
Answer: A) Because it does not generate error messages
Explanation:
HTTP Response Splitting does not always cause errors—instead, it alters responses in ways that may not be immediately noticeable.
**95. How can HTTP Response Splitting be tested using a proxy tool like Burp Suite?
A) By injecting %0D%0A into URL parameters and analyzing responses
B) By modifying HTML code in the browser
C) By encrypting HTTP headers
D) By changing the request method to DELETE
Answer: A) By injecting %0D%0A into URL parameters and analyzing responses
Explanation:
Burp Suite allows penetration testers to inject CRLF sequences (%0D%0A) into HTTP headers and observe unintended response modifications.
96. If a website allows HTTP Response Splitting, what happens when an attacker injects \r\n\r\n at the end of their input?
A) The server ignores the request
B) A new response starts after the attacker’s input
C) The user is logged out
D) The request is blocked by the browser
Answer: B) A new response starts after the attacker’s input
Explanation:
By injecting \r\n\r\n, an attacker forcibly ends the current response and starts a new one, which they can manipulate.
97. Which of the following HTTP headers is least likely to be manipulated in an HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) Set-Cookie
B) Location
C) Referer
D) Content-Encoding
Answer: D) Content-Encoding
Explanation:
While headers like Set-Cookie and Location are frequently exploited, Content-Encoding is less commonly manipulated.
98. Why are redirect-based vulnerabilities dangerous when combined with HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Because they allow an attacker to modify the entire response
B) Because they disable JavaScript execution
C) Because they improve response times
D) Because they prevent caching
Answer: A) Because they allow an attacker to modify the entire response
Explanation:
Redirect-based vulnerabilities let attackers insert their own responses, which can redirect users to malicious sites or alter content.
99. What does a successful HTTP Response Splitting attack look like from the victim’s perspective?
A) The website appears normal
B) The victim sees unexpected redirects, modified content, or injected scripts
C) The browser crashes immediately
D) The website logs the user out
Answer: B) The victim sees unexpected redirects, modified content, or injected scripts
Explanation:
HTTP Response Splitting modifies responses, leading to redirects, altered content, or malicious script execution.
100. Which of the following scenarios might indicate an attempted HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) A website showing duplicate HTTP headers in responses
B) A login page loading more quickly than usual
C) A user being unable to access their account
D) A webpage displaying an HTTP 403 Forbidden error
Answer: A) A website showing duplicate HTTP headers in responses
Explanation:
If a response contains duplicate or injected headers, it may indicate an HTTP Response Splitting attempt.
101. Which type of attack can HTTP Response Splitting facilitate if combined with malicious JavaScript injection?
A) Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
B) Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)
C) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
D) Brute Force Attacks
Answer: C) Cross-Site Scripting (XSS)
Explanation:
By injecting malicious JavaScript via Response Splitting, an attacker can perform Reflected or Stored XSS attacks.
102. What happens if an attacker successfully manipulates the Cache-Control header using HTTP Response Splitting?
A) The attacker can control caching behavior to keep malicious responses available
B) The server crashes
C) The request is blocked by firewalls
D) All cookies are deleted
Answer: A) The attacker can control caching behavior to keep malicious responses available
Explanation:
If an attacker modifies caching rules, a malicious response can be stored and served to multiple users.
103. What role does HTTP header ordering play in detecting HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Unexpected header sequences may indicate an attack
B) Headers must always be in alphabetical order
C) Headers do not affect security
D) Header ordering speeds up server processing
Answer: A) Unexpected header sequences may indicate an attack
Explanation:
If an attacker injects extra headers, the order of HTTP headers in responses may be unusual, helping to detect potential attacks.
104. Why is HTTP Response Splitting more dangerous when combined with session cookies?
A) Attackers can inject new Set-Cookie headers to hijack sessions
B) It allows brute force attacks on cookies
C) It speeds up authentication
D) It forces users to reset passwords
Answer: A) Attackers can inject new Set-Cookie headers to hijack sessions
Explanation:
By injecting malicious Set-Cookie headers, an attacker can force users to use compromised session cookies, leading to session hijacking.
**105. Which attack is most likely if an attacker injects a new Content-Type header via HTTP Response Splitting?
A) MIME Type Sniffing Attack
B) SQL Injection
C) XML External Entity (XXE) Injection
D) Buffer Overflow
Answer: A) MIME Type Sniffing Attack
Explanation:
If an attacker modifies the Content-Type header, they can trick browsers into misinterpreting content, potentially leading to XSS or data exposure.
106. How does HTTP Response Splitting affect logging and security monitoring?
A) It may cause security logs to record misleading or incomplete data
B) It forces logs to be stored in an encrypted format
C) It speeds up log processing
D) It prevents IP addresses from being logged
Answer: A) It may cause security logs to record misleading or incomplete data
Explanation:
By injecting headers, an attacker can manipulate server logs, making it harder to detect and investigate attacks.
107. How can developers simulate HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities during security testing?
A) By inserting %0D%0A in user input fields and analyzing responses
B) By changing CSS styles on a webpage
C) By checking the browser cache
D) By sending encrypted HTTPS requests
Answer: A) By inserting %0D%0A in user input fields and analyzing responses
Explanation:
Security testers use CRLF injection (%0D%0A) to check if the server improperly processes user input in HTTP headers.
108. Which programming language feature can help prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Automatic escaping of control characters in HTTP headers
B) Allowing unrestricted input in headers
C) Storing all headers as plain text
D) Removing all HTTP status codes
Answer: A) Automatic escaping of control characters in HTTP headers
Explanation:
Some programming languages and frameworks automatically escape special characters, preventing CRLF injection.
109. What is the most common attack vector for exploiting HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Manipulating user-controllable HTTP headers such as Location or Set-Cookie
B) Running a brute-force attack on login forms
C) Exploiting weak SSL/TLS certificates
D) Sending large HTTP requests
Answer: A) Manipulating user-controllable HTTP headers such as Location or Set-Cookie
Explanation:
Headers like Location and Set-Cookie are commonly exploited because they influence redirection and session management.
110. How does an attacker bypass security controls in HTTP Response Splitting?
A) By obfuscating payloads with encoding techniques
B) By using only POST requests
C) By disabling JavaScript
D) By encrypting the response
Answer: A) By obfuscating payloads with encoding techniques
Explanation:
Attackers encode CRLF characters (%0D%0A) to bypass basic input filters and successfully inject malicious headers.
111. Which tool is commonly used to test for HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities?
A) Burp Suite
B) Hashcat
C) Nmap
D) Aircrack-ng
Answer: A) Burp Suite
Explanation:
Burp Suite allows penetration testers to manipulate HTTP requests and headers to identify Response Splitting vulnerabilities.
112. Why is HTTP/2 less vulnerable to Response Splitting compared to HTTP/1.1?
A) It uses binary framing instead of plaintext headers
B) It removes support for cookies
C) It does not support GET requests
D) It prevents all redirects
Answer: A) It uses binary framing instead of plaintext headers
Explanation:
HTTP/2 encodes headers in binary format, making it harder for attackers to inject arbitrary control characters.
113. Why should developers restrict the characters allowed in HTTP headers?
A) To prevent injection attacks like HTTP Response Splitting
B) To speed up website performance
C) To improve search engine rankings
D) To allow user tracking
Answer: A) To prevent injection attacks like HTTP Response Splitting
Explanation:
Restricting newline characters (\r\n) prevents attackers from modifying response structures.
114. How does HTTP Response Splitting affect Content Delivery Networks (CDNs)?
A) It can poison cached responses, affecting many users
B) It blocks caching entirely
C) It speeds up website load times
D) It prevents cookies from being set
Answer: A) It can poison cached responses, affecting many users
Explanation:
If a malicious response is cached by a CDN, all users retrieving that cached content are affected.
115. What is the best way to prevent HTTP Response Splitting in applications?
A) Validate and sanitize user input before including it in headers
B) Disable all HTTP responses
C) Use only POST requests
D) Allow user input in headers for flexibility
Answer: A) Validate and sanitize user input before including it in headers
Explanation:
Proper input validation and encoding ensure that CRLF characters cannot be injected into responses.
116. What type of security misconfiguration increases the risk of HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Allowing unvalidated user input in response headers
B) Enabling HTTPS-only communication
C) Using a Content Security Policy (CSP)
D) Limiting session timeout
Answer: A) Allowing unvalidated user input in response headers
Explanation:
When user input is directly included in HTTP headers, it becomes a prime target for response manipulation.
117. How can an attacker manipulate the X-Forwarded-For header in HTTP Response Splitting?
A) To spoof their IP address and evade detection
B) To force a server reboot
C) To change the HTTP version being used
D) To disable JavaScript on the client-side
Answer: A) To spoof their IP address and evade detection
Explanation:
By injecting a malicious X-Forwarded-For header, attackers can bypass IP-based access control or log spoofing mechanisms.
118. Which type of response is most vulnerable to HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) Responses that dynamically generate headers based on user input
B) Static HTML pages with no dynamic content
C) Responses that do not include cookies
D) Responses that only use HTTP/2
Answer: A) Responses that dynamically generate headers based on user input
Explanation:
If a response includes user-controlled data in headers without validation, it can be manipulated via Response Splitting.
119. How can attackers use HTTP Response Splitting for session fixation attacks?
A) By injecting Set-Cookie headers with an attacker-controlled session ID
B) By deleting all existing cookies
C) By modifying the HTML structure of the page
D) By changing the page’s background color
Answer: A) By injecting Set-Cookie headers with an attacker-controlled session ID
Explanation:
Attackers can inject a Set-Cookie header to force users onto an attacker-controlled session, allowing them to hijack sessions.
120. What makes shared hosting environments more vulnerable to HTTP Response Splitting?
A) A single vulnerable application can affect multiple tenants
B) Shared hosting improves security by default
C) Shared hosting automatically prevents all HTTP attacks
D) Shared hosting prevents response manipulation
Answer: A) A single vulnerable application can affect multiple tenants
Explanation:
If one tenant’s application is vulnerable, an attacker can inject malicious responses that affect other tenants on the same server.
121. Why does modifying the Vary header in an HTTP Response Splitting attack impact caching?
A) It changes how proxies and CDNs store cached responses
B) It forces users to clear their browser cache
C) It encrypts all responses
D) It disables cookies
Answer: A) It changes how proxies and CDNs store cached responses
Explanation:
If an attacker manipulates the Vary header, they can alter cache rules, leading to malicious responses being served from cache.
122. Which regular expression pattern can be used to detect CRLF characters (\r\n) in user input?
A) [\r\n]
B) [a-zA-Z0-9]
C) .*
D) [0-9]+
Answer: A) [\r\n]
Explanation:
A regular expression pattern like [\r\n] can be used to detect and block CRLF characters in user input, preventing Response Splitting.
123. What is a good security practice for handling user input that might be used in HTTP headers?
A) Encode or reject CRLF sequences (\r\n)
B) Allow all input for flexibility
C) Convert all text to lowercase
D) Strip out all spaces
Answer: A) Encode or reject CRLF sequences (\r\n)
Explanation:
By removing or encoding \r\n characters, developers prevent attackers from injecting new HTTP headers.
124. How can HTTP Response Splitting be exploited in multi-step form submissions?
A) By injecting headers in step 1 that affect step 2’s response
B) By forcing the user to restart their browser
C) By modifying the JavaScript execution flow
D) By logging the user out
Answer: A) By injecting headers in step 1 that affect step 2’s response
Explanation:
Attackers can inject headers during an earlier step, influencing how subsequent form submissions are processed.
125. Which response headers should be validated strictly to prevent Response Splitting?
A) Location, Set-Cookie, and Content-Type
B) User-Agent, Referer, and Etag
C) Server, Date, and Content-Length
D) Keep-Alive, Transfer-Encoding, and X-Powered-By
Answer: A) Location, Set-Cookie, and Content-Type
Explanation:
These headers directly affect response behavior, making them primary targets for manipulation in Response Splitting attacks.
126. Why is log poisoning a concern in HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Attackers can inject misleading log entries to cover their tracks
B) It makes servers run faster
C) It automatically encrypts logs
D) It prevents browser caching
Answer: A) Attackers can inject misleading log entries to cover their tracks
Explanation:
By injecting new lines into logs, attackers can manipulate security logs, hiding their activities from administrators.
127. What is the impact of malicious Refresh headers in an HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) They force users into an infinite refresh loop
B) They encrypt browser traffic
C) They block the user’s internet access
D) They prevent cookie storage
Answer: A) They force users into an infinite refresh loop
Explanation:
Attackers can inject a Refresh header to create an infinite redirect loop, disrupting normal browsing.
128. How does X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff help mitigate HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It prevents browsers from interpreting unexpected content types
B) It encrypts all responses
C) It disables JavaScript execution
D) It forces the response to be cached
Answer: A) It prevents browsers from interpreting unexpected content types
Explanation:
By setting X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff, browsers do not automatically interpret content as a different MIME type, reducing XSS risks.
129. Which type of security testing should be performed to detect HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities?
A) Fuzzing input fields with CRLF characters
B) Checking website rankings on Google
C) Reviewing CSS files
D) Testing for missing alt attributes in images
Answer: A) Fuzzing input fields with CRLF characters
Explanation:
Fuzzing with payloads containing %0D%0A can help detect Response Splitting vulnerabilities by observing unexpected behavior in HTTP responses.
130. Why is rate limiting an effective mitigation against automated HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) It slows down automated exploitation attempts
B) It prevents all injections
C) It encrypts HTTP headers
D) It forces browsers to log out users
Answer: A) It slows down automated exploitation attempts
Explanation:
Rate limiting restricts repeated requests, making it harder for automated tools to brute-force Response Splitting attacks.
131. Why are web proxies a concern in HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) They can cache malicious responses and serve them to multiple users
B) They prevent CRLF injection
C) They automatically block modified headers
D) They force all responses to be encrypted
Answer: A) They can cache malicious responses and serve them to multiple users
Explanation:
If a malicious response is cached by a proxy, it can be served to multiple users, increasing the attack’s impact.
132. Which of the following is an effective client-side mitigation against HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Disabling JavaScript
B) Using a secure browser with built-in CRLF filtering
C) Encrypting all cookies
D) Clearing browser cache every hour
Answer: B) Using a secure browser with built-in CRLF filtering
Explanation:
Modern browsers have built-in protections against CRLF injection, which helps reduce Response Splitting risks.
133. Which of these is a primary reason why some web applications remain vulnerable to HTTP Response Splitting?
A) They fail to sanitize user input used in HTTP headers
B) They use outdated HTML versions
C) They rely on cloud hosting
D) They disable cookies
Answer: A) They fail to sanitize user input used in HTTP headers
Explanation:
If user-controlled input is directly inserted into HTTP headers, it can be exploited via Response Splitting attacks.
134. What effect does injecting extra CRLF characters into HTTP responses have?
A) It can cause the server to generate a second, unintended response
B) It speeds up website performance
C) It forces JavaScript execution
D) It removes all security headers
Answer: A) It can cause the server to generate a second, unintended response
Explanation:
Attackers use extra CRLF characters (\r\n) to split HTTP responses, injecting malicious content.
135. How do intrusion detection systems (IDS) help prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) They detect abnormal HTTP headers and block suspicious requests
B) They disable all redirects
C) They encrypt traffic
D) They prevent users from logging in
Answer: A) They detect abnormal HTTP headers and block suspicious requests
Explanation:
An IDS can detect unusual HTTP response patterns, such as duplicated or injected headers, and block malicious requests.
136. How does the Same-Origin Policy (SOP) help mitigate HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) It prevents cross-domain responses from being loaded in scripts
B) It disables user tracking
C) It removes all cookies
D) It forces all HTTP responses to be encrypted
Answer: A) It prevents cross-domain responses from being loaded in scripts
Explanation:
SOP prevents attackers from loading manipulated responses from a different origin, reducing the impact of malicious redirects.
137. What is a common real-world application of HTTP Response Splitting for attackers?
A) Injecting a fake login page to steal credentials
B) Modifying CSS styles
C) Redirecting users to a faster server
D) Disabling JavaScript execution
Answer: A) Injecting a fake login page to steal credentials
Explanation:
Attackers use Response Splitting to redirect users to phishing pages, stealing sensitive information.
138. How does HSTS (HTTP Strict Transport Security) help mitigate HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It forces secure HTTPS connections, reducing the risk of interception
B) It prevents brute force attacks
C) It disables cookies
D) It prevents website caching
Answer: A) It forces secure HTTPS connections, reducing the risk of interception
Explanation:
HSTS ensures that all connections use HTTPS, reducing the chance of man-in-the-middle attacks exploiting Response Splitting.
139. Why is Response Header Whitelisting an effective security practice?
A) It restricts HTTP headers to predefined, safe values
B) It encrypts all responses
C) It forces session expiration
D) It prevents all user tracking
Answer: A) It restricts HTTP headers to predefined, safe values
Explanation:
By allowing only specific headers, developers can prevent the introduction of unauthorized headers via Response Splitting.
140. What is a key difference between HTTP Response Splitting and HTTP Parameter Pollution (HPP)?
A) Response Splitting targets headers, while HPP targets query parameters
B) HPP is always more dangerous than Response Splitting
C) Response Splitting only occurs over HTTPS
D) HPP is only possible on mobile devices
Answer: A) Response Splitting targets headers, while HPP targets query parameters
Explanation:
While Response Splitting manipulates HTTP headers, HPP involves injecting extra parameters into HTTP requests.
141. What does “double encoding” refer to in HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) Encoding CRLF characters twice to bypass input validation
B) Using both HTTP and HTTPS in the same request
C) Encrypting responses twice
D) Sending the same request multiple times
Answer: A) Encoding CRLF characters twice to bypass input validation
Explanation:
Attackers may double encode CRLF characters (e.g., %250D%250A instead of %0D%0A) to bypass security filters.
142. How does implementing strict character filtering help prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It blocks CRLF sequences (\r\n) from being processed in user input
B) It forces browsers to disable JavaScript
C) It speeds up website performance
D) It disables cookies
Answer: A) It blocks CRLF sequences (\r\n) from being processed in user input
Explanation:
Strict input validation prevents attackers from injecting newline characters, mitigating Response Splitting vulnerabilities.
143. How can rate limiting help protect against automated HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) It slows down repeated exploitation attempts
B) It encrypts all HTTP responses
C) It forces users to reset their passwords
D) It logs out all active sessions
Answer: A) It slows down repeated exploitation attempts
Explanation:
Rate limiting reduces automated attack speed, making exploitation more difficult for attackers.
144. Why should user-generated content never be included in HTTP headers without sanitization?
A) It can introduce Response Splitting vulnerabilities
B) It reduces website performance
C) It prevents caching
D) It disables tracking
Answer: A) It can introduce Response Splitting vulnerabilities
Explanation:
User input must be sanitized to prevent malicious injection of HTTP headers.
145. Which web security scanner is commonly used to detect HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities?
A) OWASP ZAP
B) Aircrack-ng
C) Nmap
D) Wireshark
Answer: A) OWASP ZAP
Explanation:
OWASP ZAP can detect Response Splitting vulnerabilities by analyzing HTTP request/response handling.
146. How does HTTP Response Splitting differ from HTTP Host Header Injection?
A) Response Splitting targets response headers, while Host Header Injection manipulates the Host header
B) Host Header Injection is more dangerous than Response Splitting
C) Response Splitting only works on HTTPS connections
D) They are the same attack
Answer: A) Response Splitting targets response headers, while Host Header Injection manipulates the Host header
Explanation:
While Response Splitting injects new headers or responses, Host Header Injection manipulates the Host field to misdirect traffic.
147. What security measure can help mitigate HTTP Response Smuggling, a related attack?
A) Ensuring consistent parsing of HTTP headers between front-end and back-end servers
B) Disabling all HTTP requests
C) Using HTML encoding on all input
D) Forcing session expiration
Answer: A) Ensuring consistent parsing of HTTP headers between front-end and back-end servers
Explanation:
Response Smuggling exploits inconsistencies in how servers process HTTP requests, so ensuring uniform parsing prevents exploitation.
148. Which of the following attacks can be facilitated using HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Clickjacking
B) Cache Poisoning
C) SQL Injection
D) Bluetooth Exploits
Answer: B) Cache Poisoning
Explanation:
An attacker can manipulate HTTP headers using Response Splitting to inject malicious cache responses, affecting multiple users.
149. How does input validation help prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It blocks CRLF (\r\n) characters from being processed
B) It prevents cookies from being set
C) It forces responses to be encrypted
D) It allows all special characters
Answer: A) It blocks CRLF (\r\n) characters from being processed
Explanation:
By sanitizing user input and blocking \r\n sequences, developers can prevent attackers from injecting new headers.
150. Which of the following HTTP methods is most commonly exploited in an HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) GET
B) POST
C) DELETE
D) PATCH
Answer: A) GET
Explanation:
GET requests are more vulnerable because user input is often included directly in URLs, making it easier to manipulate responses.
151. How can an attacker use HTTP Response Splitting to manipulate Referer headers?
A) By injecting \r\n to alter the Referer header value
B) By encrypting the response
C) By modifying HTTP status codes
D) By using JavaScript to disable tracking
Answer: A) By injecting \r\n to alter the Referer header value
Explanation:
Attackers can inject CRLF characters into the Referer header to modify tracking data or mislead security logs.
152. Why is it important to limit the length of HTTP headers in web applications?
A) To prevent HTTP Header Injection and Response Splitting attacks
B) To make responses load faster
C) To allow users to modify their headers freely
D) To bypass firewall security
Answer: A) To prevent HTTP Header Injection and Response Splitting attacks
Explanation:
Limiting header length prevents attackers from injecting large malicious payloads into HTTP responses.
153. What does an unexpected 200 OK response with duplicate headers in a security scan indicate?
A) Possible HTTP Response Splitting vulnerability
B) A slow network connection
C) A missing firewall rule
D) A misconfigured DNS server
Answer: A) Possible HTTP Response Splitting vulnerability
Explanation:
If a server returns duplicate or unexpected headers, it may indicate successful header injection via Response Splitting.
154. Which of the following is a server-side defense against HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Encoding user input before inserting it into response headers
B) Requiring multi-factor authentication
C) Encrypting all HTTP responses
D) Disabling all JavaScript execution
Answer: A) Encoding user input before inserting it into response headers
Explanation:
Proper encoding ensures that user-controlled input cannot introduce unintended HTTP headers, mitigating Response Splitting attacks.
155. How does modifying HTTP status codes impact HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) Attackers can inject a fake 200 OK response after the split
B) It prevents attackers from setting cookies
C) It speeds up website performance
D) It makes the attack unexploitable
Answer: A) Attackers can inject a fake 200 OK response after the split
Explanation:
By injecting additional headers, attackers can alter HTTP status codes, misleading users and security tools.
156. What is a key reason multi-user environments are at higher risk for HTTP Response Splitting?
A) A single vulnerable application can affect multiple users
B) Multi-user environments disable security headers
C) They rely only on client-side validation
D) They block all HTTP requests
Answer: A) A single vulnerable application can affect multiple users
Explanation:
If one application on a shared system is vulnerable, an attacker could exploit it to inject malicious responses affecting all users.
157. What makes cloud-based applications particularly vulnerable to HTTP Response Splitting?
A) They often use load balancers that may not filter CRLF characters
B) Cloud services disable security headers
C) Cloud-based apps use only encrypted responses
D) Cloud applications block all redirects
Answer: A) They often use load balancers that may not filter CRLF characters
Explanation:
Some load balancers do not properly validate HTTP headers, making cloud-based apps more susceptible to header injection attacks.
158. What role does Content-Length manipulation play in an HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) It allows attackers to control the length of the response, potentially splitting responses
B) It forces the server to restart
C) It blocks all JavaScript execution
D) It disables browser caching
Answer: A) It allows attackers to control the length of the response, potentially splitting responses
Explanation:
By manipulating the Content-Length header, attackers can confuse servers about response boundaries, facilitating Response Splitting.
159. What happens when an attacker injects a Location header using HTTP Response Splitting?
A) The victim is redirected to a malicious website
B) The victim’s session expires immediately
C) The attack is automatically blocked by browsers
D) The request is discarded by the firewall
Answer: A) The victim is redirected to a malicious website
Explanation:
By modifying the Location header, attackers can redirect victims to phishing sites, malware, or other malicious pages.
**160. How can web developers test for HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities manually?
A) By injecting %0D%0A in URL parameters and analyzing responses
B) By changing the color scheme of a webpage
C) By modifying the HTTP version in requests
D) By increasing the session timeout value
Answer: A) By injecting %0D%0A in URL parameters and analyzing responses
Explanation:
Security testers manually inject CRLF sequences (%0D%0A) in user-controlled input fields and observe response behavior for anomalies.
161. Why is user input sanitization crucial in preventing HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It prevents attackers from injecting CRLF characters (\r\n)
B) It blocks all HTTP requests
C) It speeds up the web server response
D) It forces encryption of responses
Answer: A) It prevents attackers from injecting CRLF characters (\r\n)
Explanation:
Proper input sanitization ensures that special characters like \r\n are not processed as HTTP header separators, preventing Response Splitting attacks.
162. What is a potential consequence of manipulating the ETag header in HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Users may receive stale or incorrect cached responses
B) The server crashes immediately
C) The browser blocks all requests
D) The user’s IP address gets blacklisted
Answer: A) Users may receive stale or incorrect cached responses
Explanation:
By modifying ETag values, attackers can poison cache responses, serving outdated or malicious content to users.
163. How does HTTP Response Splitting affect log analysis in cybersecurity?
A) It can introduce fake log entries, misleading security analysts
B) It forces log files to be encrypted
C) It disables logging altogether
D) It prevents firewalls from detecting attacks
Answer: A) It can introduce fake log entries, misleading security analysts
Explanation:
Attackers can manipulate logs by injecting false entries, making it harder to detect and trace malicious activity.
164. Why is secure header validation a recommended practice in web applications?
A) It ensures only expected headers are processed, preventing injection attacks
B) It prevents all redirects
C) It forces the use of HTTPS
D) It allows unrestricted user input
Answer: A) It ensures only expected headers are processed, preventing injection attacks
Explanation:
By validating headers against a predefined list, developers can prevent unexpected input from affecting HTTP responses.
165. What is the impact of injecting Content-Disposition: attachment via HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It forces the victim’s browser to download a malicious file
B) It speeds up the page loading time
C) It disables JavaScript execution
D) It logs out all active sessions
Answer: A) It forces the victim’s browser to download a malicious file
Explanation:
By injecting a Content-Disposition: attachment header, an attacker can force users to download malicious files instead of rendering content in the browser.
166. What is the risk of allowing unfiltered User-Agent headers in web applications?
A) Attackers can inject CRLF characters to modify logs or responses
B) It slows down network performance
C) It prevents API requests
D) It disables cookie storage
Answer: A) Attackers can inject CRLF characters to modify logs or responses
Explanation:
If the User-Agent header is not sanitized, an attacker can inject CRLF sequences to manipulate logs or alter HTTP responses.
167. How does automatic response encoding in modern web frameworks help prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It ensures that user input cannot break HTTP header structure
B) It prevents all HTTP traffic
C) It forces all users to log out every 5 minutes
D) It disables caching
Answer: A) It ensures that user input cannot break HTTP header structure
Explanation:
Modern frameworks automatically encode special characters, ensuring that user input cannot modify HTTP response headers.
168. Why is allowing unrestricted access to HTTP headers a security risk?
A) Attackers can inject new headers, manipulating response behavior
B) It prevents legitimate users from logging in
C) It encrypts HTTP responses
D) It disables browser security features
Answer: A) Attackers can inject new headers, manipulating response behavior
Explanation:
Unrestricted header modification enables attackers to inject malicious headers, leading to redirects, session hijacking, or cache poisoning.
169. What is the significance of whitelisting response headers in security configurations?
A) It limits headers to known safe values, preventing unauthorized modifications
B) It speeds up request processing
C) It prevents brute-force login attempts
D) It forces all users to use a VPN
Answer: A) It limits headers to known safe values, preventing unauthorized modifications
Explanation:
Whitelisting response headers ensures that only predefined, safe headers are allowed, reducing the risk of injection attacks.
170. Which of the following headers is least likely to be exploited in HTTP Response Splitting?
A) X-Powered-By
B) Location
C) Set-Cookie
D) Content-Length
Answer: A) X-Powered-By
Explanation:
While headers like Location and Set-Cookie can alter the response, X-Powered-By is mostly informational and not typically a security risk.
171. How does injecting X-Frame-Options: DENY in a response splitting attack impact security?
A) It prevents legitimate iframes from loading, potentially breaking website functionality
B) It forces all traffic to be encrypted
C) It logs the user out
D) It blocks caching
Answer: A) It prevents legitimate iframes from loading, potentially breaking website functionality
Explanation:
If an attacker injects a fake X-Frame-Options: DENY header, they can disrupt website functionality or block embedded content.
172. Which testing method can identify HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities?
A) Fuzzing HTTP headers with payloads containing \r\n
B) Running a brute-force attack on login forms
C) Disabling JavaScript in the browser
D) Checking for unused CSS classes
Answer: A) Fuzzing HTTP headers with payloads containing \r\n
Explanation:
Fuzzing injects CRLF sequences into HTTP headers, testing if the application processes them incorrectly.
173. Why should security headers be set using server-side configurations rather than JavaScript?
A) Server-side headers cannot be modified by attackers in the client-side environment
B) JavaScript executes faster than server-side scripts
C) It prevents SQL Injection attacks
D) It allows user-controlled input in headers
Answer: A) Server-side headers cannot be modified by attackers in the client-side environment
Explanation:
Setting security headers at the server level ensures they cannot be overridden or removed by malicious client-side scripts.
174. Why does session fixation increase the severity of HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) Attackers can inject Set-Cookie headers to force users into malicious sessions
B) It prevents the website from loading
C) It forces all users to reset their passwords
D) It disables firewall rules
Answer: A) Attackers can inject Set-Cookie headers to force users into malicious sessions
Explanation:
By injecting a Set-Cookie header, attackers can force users to use attacker-controlled sessions, leading to session hijacking.
175. What is an indicator of HTTP Response Splitting in a browser’s network traffic?
A) Unexpected duplicate response headers
B) Slow page loading
C) Unusual font rendering
D) Excessive cookies
Answer: A) Unexpected duplicate response headers
Explanation:
If an attacker injects additional headers, they may appear as duplicate or unexpected entries in HTTP responses.
175. What is a major consequence of an attacker modifying the Cache-Control header via HTTP Response Splitting?
A) The attacker can force the browser to cache malicious content for extended periods
B) The server will automatically block the response
C) The website will load faster
D) The user will be forced to change their password
Answer: A) The attacker can force the browser to cache malicious content for extended periods
Explanation:
By modifying the Cache-Control header, attackers can ensure that a malicious response is cached, affecting multiple users.
176. How does a Web Application Firewall (WAF) help prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) By blocking HTTP requests containing CRLF sequences (\r\n)
B) By encrypting all HTTP responses
C) By disabling all redirects
D) By removing cookies from responses
Answer: A) By blocking HTTP requests containing CRLF sequences (\r\n)
Explanation:
A WAF can detect and block malicious input containing CRLF characters, preventing Response Splitting attacks.
177. What is the role of the Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS) header in mitigating HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It forces all connections to use HTTPS, reducing attack surface
B) It blocks all GET requests
C) It prevents Content-Type sniffing
D) It allows only encrypted cookies
Answer: A) It forces all connections to use HTTPS, reducing attack surface
Explanation:
By forcing HTTPS, HSTS reduces the risk of man-in-the-middle attacks that could exploit HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities.
178. Why should developers avoid dynamically generating response headers from user input?
A) It increases the risk of HTTP Response Splitting
B) It prevents users from modifying their settings
C) It slows down website performance
D) It blocks all automated scripts
Answer: A) It increases the risk of HTTP Response Splitting
Explanation:
Dynamically generating headers from unvalidated user input can allow attackers to inject CRLF sequences and manipulate responses.
179. How does setting X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff help mitigate HTTP Response Splitting risks?
A) It prevents browsers from incorrectly interpreting content types
B) It forces all traffic to be logged
C) It disables user tracking
D) It blocks API calls
Answer: A) It prevents browsers from incorrectly interpreting content types
Explanation:
Setting X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff prevents browsers from guessing content types, reducing the impact of injected malicious responses.
180. What is an indication that a web application may be vulnerable to HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It reflects unencoded user input in response headers
B) It uses strong SSL/TLS encryption
C) It prevents users from logging out
D) It loads pages faster than expected
Answer: A) It reflects unencoded user input in response headers
Explanation:
A vulnerable application inserts user input directly into response headers, allowing attackers to inject new headers.
181. How can intrusion detection systems (IDS) identify HTTP Response Splitting attempts?
A) By monitoring for CRLF injection patterns in HTTP requests
B) By blocking all JavaScript execution
C) By analyzing CSS file changes
D) By preventing users from clearing cookies
Answer: A) By monitoring for CRLF injection patterns in HTTP requests
Explanation:
An IDS can detect patterns like %0D%0A in HTTP headers, signaling a Response Splitting attempt.
182. Why is server-side input validation more effective than client-side validation in preventing HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Client-side validation can be bypassed by attackers
B) It slows down the website
C) It disables automated scripts
D) It prevents caching
Answer: A) Client-side validation can be bypassed by attackers
Explanation:
Attackers can easily bypass client-side validation using tools like Burp Suite, making server-side validation essential.
183. What is a potential risk of modifying the Expires header via HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Attackers can control how long a malicious response is cached
B) It prevents users from logging into the website
C) It forces password resets
D) It encrypts session cookies
Answer: A) Attackers can control how long a malicious response is cached
Explanation:
By modifying the Expires header, attackers can ensure that malicious content remains cached for extended periods.
184. How can input length restrictions help prevent HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) They limit the amount of data an attacker can inject
B) They prevent browser redirects
C) They force all responses to be encrypted
D) They speed up web server processing
Answer: A) They limit the amount of data an attacker can inject
Explanation:
Limiting input length ensures that attackers cannot inject long, malicious headers into responses.
185. Why is double encoding sometimes used by attackers in HTTP Response Splitting?
A) To bypass security filters that block %0D%0A
B) To prevent caching
C) To force a server crash
D) To encrypt their payloads
Answer: A) To bypass security filters that block %0D%0A
Explanation:
Some applications block plain CRLF sequences (%0D%0A), so attackers double encode them (e.g., %250D%250A) to bypass filters.
186. What is a sign of successful HTTP Response Splitting exploitation in web application logs?
A) Duplicate or unexpected HTTP headers
B) Increased CPU usage
C) Missing error messages
D) Excessive database queries
Answer: A) Duplicate or unexpected HTTP headers
Explanation:
If an attack is successful, log files may show extra or manipulated response headers, indicating Response Splitting exploitation.
187. Why does HTTP/2 reduce the effectiveness of HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It uses binary framing instead of plaintext headers
B) It removes all headers from responses
C) It disables caching
D) It prevents all redirects
Answer: A) It uses binary framing instead of plaintext headers
Explanation:
HTTP/2 encodes headers in a structured binary format, preventing direct injection of CRLF sequences.
188. What happens when an attacker injects X-Redirect-By into an HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) They can disguise the source of a malicious redirect
B) They force the server to shut down
C) They disable JavaScript execution
D) They clear browser cookies
Answer: A) They can disguise the source of a malicious redirect
Explanation:
By injecting X-Redirect-By, attackers can mask the origin of a malicious redirect, making it harder to detect.
189. What is an effective long-term security measure to prevent HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) Implementing strict HTTP header validation policies
B) Increasing bandwidth capacity
C) Blocking all user input fields
D) Reducing the number of cookies
Answer: A) Implementing strict HTTP header validation policies
Explanation:
Enforcing strict HTTP header validation prevents CRLF injection attacks from modifying responses.
190. Why is header injection testing an essential part of penetration testing?
A) It identifies vulnerabilities that allow attackers to manipulate HTTP responses
B) It improves website loading speed
C) It forces the server to encrypt all data
D) It prevents database corruption
Answer: A) It identifies vulnerabilities that allow attackers to manipulate HTTP responses
Explanation:
Testing for header injection helps detect potential HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities before attackers exploit them.
191. How does an attacker exploit the Content-Security-Policy (CSP) header using HTTP Response Splitting?
A) By injecting a policy that allows malicious scripts to execute
B) By disabling encryption
C) By forcing the browser to ignore all responses
D) By increasing page load times
Answer: A) By injecting a policy that allows malicious scripts to execute
Explanation:
Attackers can inject a modified CSP header, allowing untrusted scripts to execute, leading to potential XSS or other attacks.
192. Why is logging all HTTP headers helpful in detecting HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It allows security analysts to spot unauthorized or duplicate headers
B) It prevents unauthorized users from accessing the server
C) It forces encryption of all traffic
D) It blocks all automated scripts
Answer: A) It allows security analysts to spot unauthorized or duplicate headers
Explanation:
Logging HTTP headers helps detect manipulated responses, revealing potential Response Splitting attacks.
193. How does an attacker use HTTP Response Splitting to bypass security headers?
A) By injecting new headers that override existing security policies
B) By forcing the server to return a 500 Internal Server Error
C) By modifying the website’s CSS
D) By increasing the number of cookies stored
Answer: A) By injecting new headers that override existing security policies
Explanation:
Attackers can insert duplicate headers to override security mechanisms, potentially disabling XSS protections or CSP.
194. Which HTTP header should be monitored closely to prevent HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) Location
B) X-Frame-Options
C) Cache-Control
D) Etag
Answer: A) Location
Explanation:
The Location header is frequently exploited in Response Splitting attacks to redirect users to malicious sites.
195. How does restricting user input to alphanumeric characters only help prevent HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It eliminates CRLF (\r\n) injection possibilities
B) It speeds up response processing
C) It forces all requests to be encrypted
D) It allows unrestricted API access
Answer: A) It eliminates CRLF (\r\n) injection possibilities
Explanation:
Restricting input to alphanumeric characters prevents attackers from injecting control characters like CRLF (\r\n).
196. What impact does modifying the Pragma header have in an HTTP Response Splitting attack?
A) It can force browsers to cache or not cache malicious responses
B) It logs out all users
C) It encrypts all traffic
D) It disables JavaScript execution
Answer: A) It can force browsers to cache or not cache malicious responses
Explanation:
An attacker modifying the Pragma header can control caching behavior, ensuring a malicious response persists or disappears quickly.
197. Why is real-time HTTP traffic monitoring effective in detecting HTTP Response Splitting?
A) It helps detect unusual response structures and injected headers
B) It speeds up website performance
C) It forces browsers to refresh pages automatically
D) It prevents users from modifying their cookies
Answer: A) It helps detect unusual response structures and injected headers
Explanation:
Real-time traffic monitoring can identify unusual HTTP headers, such as duplicate or injected responses, signaling a Response Splitting attack.
198. Which server configuration setting can help mitigate HTTP Response Splitting attacks?
A) Disallowing newlines (\r\n) in HTTP headers
B) Disabling caching for all responses
C) Increasing session timeout limits
D) Blocking all HTTP requests
Answer: A) Disallowing newlines (\r\n) in HTTP headers
Explanation:
Blocking newline characters (\r\n) in HTTP headers ensures that attackers cannot inject extra headers, preventing Response Splitting.
199. Why is penetration testing important for identifying HTTP Response Splitting vulnerabilities?
A) It simulates real-world attacks to find security flaws before hackers do
B) It speeds up network traffic
C) It allows users to modify headers safely
D) It improves search engine rankings
Answer: A) It simulates real-world attacks to find security flaws before hackers do
Explanation:
Penetration testing actively looks for vulnerabilities, including Response Splitting, before attackers exploit them.
200. What security header can help prevent Open Redirect vulnerabilities in HTTP Response Splitting?
A) Referrer-Policy
B) X-XSS-Protection
C) Strict-Transport-Security (HSTS)
D) Content-Encoding
Answer: A) Referrer-Policy
Explanation:
A properly configured Referrer-Policy header helps prevent attackers from exploiting Open Redirects in Response Splitting attacks.